Relevance. Facial paralysis is a common neurological illnesses of the maxillofacial region. Gold standard of dynamic correction of permanent facial paralysis is gracilis muscle transfer. However, using this flap is impractical or impossible in some cases. There are few domestic and international publications about extensor digitorum brevis muscle for facial reanimation surgery.

Purpose. Assessment of muscle variability on the dorsum of the foot; analysis of blood supply and innervation of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle.

Materials and methods. Operations performed on 10 unclaimed corpses: dissection of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle, as well as the blood vessels and nerves of the dorsum of the foot. The legal and ethical requirements for such studies were observed planning the design of the study and during work.

Results. As a result, in 80% of cases, was found a typical anatomy of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves in the dorsum of the foot. In 10% was found a typical anatomy of muscles and nerves, but there was no lateral tarsal artery – the branch of the dorsal artery of the foot. Blood supply to the extensor digitorum brevis muscle performed by perforating branches of the peroneal artery. In 10% was found subtotal atrophy and fibrous degeneration of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle.

Conclusions. The use of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle is a perspective method for the treatment of facial paralysis. Harvesting of this flap is complicated.

Relevance. The study of age-related features of microcirculation in periodontal tissues, using non-invasive functional research methods, allows us to develop the optimal range of therapeutic measures, as well as form a “personalized therapeutic case”.

Purpose. Study of the functional state of the microvasculature in the tissues of the parodont in individuals of various age groups.

Materials and methods. A standard dental examination of 80 patients was carried out, the sample of participants was ranked in 4 groups by age: 1 group – 12 years old, 2 group – 15 years old, 3 group – from 16 to 18 years old, 4 group – from 22 to 24 years old. Hygiene and periodontal indices were determined for all patients, such as papillarymarginal-alveolar (PMA) in the Parma modification, the Mulleman bleeding index in the Cowell modification (SBI), and the simplified Green Vermillion index of oral hygiene (OHI–s), caries intensity indicators for a permanent bite (CPI), as well as ultrasound dopplerography of periodontal tissues using the apparatus "Minimax-Doppler-K".

Results. When studying microcirculation in periodontal tissues, distinctive characteristics of linear (Vas) and volumetric (Qas) blood flow rates, as well as indicators of pulsation indices (PI) and peripheral resistance (RI) in people of different age groups were recorded.

Conclusions. This study confirms the presence of various hemodynamic indicators of periodontal tissues in the studied groups, which is due to structural features of the circulatory system in age periods.

Relevance. Composite materials of light curing have a large number of indications for use and are actively used by dentists in clinical practice. The properties of these materials differ from their composition and the size of the filler. We conducted a survey of dentists of general practitioners of public and private dental clinics in Omsk to determine compliance, objective indicators of physico-chemical parameters of the studied composite materials and their subjective assessment by doctors using these materials in their work.

Purpose. Comparison of objective indicators of various properties of photocomposite materials with the subjective assessment of dentists.

Materials and methods. The study of the physicochemical properties of light-cured composite materials most commonly used in the practice of Omsk dentists in public and private clinics. A research design was developed and a survey of 148 dentists in Omsk was conducted to determine the subjective assessment of these materials.

Results. A comparative analysis of the objective and subjective indicators of composite materials.

Conclusions. The physicochemical parameters of the photocomposite materials are fully consistent with the subjective assessment of dentists in Omsk.

Relevance. Subjective assessment of pain in children is traditionally implemented using visual analogue scales. The need for comfortable dental treatment in children is obvious, therefore, in order to obtain the most reliable data, it is necessary to develop pain rating scales and the effectiveness of pain management in accordance with the age of the child.

Purpose. Development of visual analogue scales designed to assess the effectiveness of pain relief when performing outpatient dental interventions in children, depending on the age of the child.

Materials and methods. A visual analogue scale was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of pain relief in children at an outpatient dental appointment, in accordance with the age of the child. 100 patients aged 4 to 12 years were examined.

Results. The reaction and behaviour of the child during dental treatment using local anesthesia were the basis of the designed pain rating scales. In the age group of 4-7 years, the visual analogue scale was filled in by the doctor, the child and the parent, and in the second group of patients aged 7 to 12 years, the scale was filled in by the child and the doctor, since in this age category children could independently correlate themselves with the picture on the scale.

Conclusions. The designed scales of subjective assessment of the effectiveness of local anesthesia in children allow to determine the quality of the studied methods and means of local anesthesia in pediatric dental practice.

Relevance. Initial and acute forms of pulpitis are fairly common diseases and require urgent treatment. Existing methods of endodontic treatment do not have sufficient efficiency and the introduction of new methods and drugs is required to improve the effectiveness of the treatment.

Purpose. Improving the effectiveness of treatment of initial and acute pulpitis of permanent teeth in children using allogeneic demineralized plastic material (CPM).

Materials and methods. The surface structure of a demineralized bone graft (DCT) and an allogeneic composite plastic material (CPM) were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM Philips SEM 515) with an EDAX microanalysis prefix . In the clinic, CPM was used in 10 patients aged 9 to 15 years in the treatment of pulpitis of permanent teeth with unformed roots.

Results. The morphological structure of alloplastic material is fine-pored , with pore sizes of 10-20 microns, uneven, with protrusions and depressions, sometimes with a pore size of up to 250 microns. Clinical laboratory and radiological methods of research in children in the long term up to 3 years have confirmed the effectiveness of CPM in the biological method of treatment of pulpitis in children. In 9 patients, a positive result was obtained with the preservation of pulp viability and the formation of dental roots.

Conclusions. Allogeneic bone-plastic material, which has osteoplastic and antimicrobial properties in the treatment of pulpitis in children, allows to preserve the viability of the pulp and the possibility of full-fledged formation of tooth roots.

Relevance. Various techniques and tools are used while conducting professional oral hygiene in patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases. It is needed to combine them to achieve the best clinical result. However, the question of optimum combinations requires further study.

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of combined methods for removing subgingival dental deposits to determine the best combinations of tools for clinical practice.

Materials and methods. 42 teeth with subgingival dental deposits were selected for the study. Jaw models have been created to simulate work in the oral cavity. The surfaces of the roots of the teeth were divided into 7 experimental groups, in each of which the treatment was carried out by a certain combination of tools.

Results. The resulted teeth root areas were estimated using methods of measuring cleanliness and smoothness. Time, which was spent on each surface using the studied tool combinations, was also monitored.

Conclusions. The results of the study help to evaluate the combinations of different methods for removing subgingival dental deposits.

Relevance. The current view of the problem of specialized care for children with congenital cleft upper lip and palate in the literature is described as a system-forming complex of medical and surgical aids. The issue of the further development of individual methods and algorithms for the rehabilitation of children of complex types of cleft, showing a pronounced asymmetry of the affected tissues, remains an urgent issue. The creation of «special» algorithms for therapeutic tactics and the choice of the method of surgical benefits of asymmetric forms of cleft upper lip and palate involves the interaction of each specialist, taking into account the variety of clinical characteristics of complex defects.

Purpose. On specific clinical material describe the features of the algorithm for eliminating the asymmetric cleft of the upper lip and palate, taking into account the author’s methods of cheilorino-palatoplasty.

Materials and methods. For the period 2015-2019. a group of patients (62 patients) with congenital asymmetric cleft of the upper lip and / or palate, including those with deficiency of their own tissues, was studied in the Multiprofile Clinical Medical Center «Bonum». The study used clinical, anthropometric, statistical methods, analysis of photographs of patients.

Results. An algorithm has been developed to eliminate a complex variant of damage to tissues and structures of the maxillofacial region, taking into account the proprietary technologies for surgical care.

Conclusions. The proposed methodological algorithm for the treatment tactics of complex clinical and anatomical variants of the cleft of the upper lip and / or palate allows us to assess the severity of damage of the maxillofacial region, establish indications for the use of additional therapeutic methods for orthodontic-surgical preparation for cheilorino-palatoplasty and adequately choose the method of surgical intervention.
The use of original methods for surgical removal of asymmetric clefts of the upper lip and / or palate, including “wide” crevices with a deficit of their own tissues, increases the effectiveness of surgical and rehabilitation tactics in the general complex of specialized care for patients with complex tissue lesions of the maxillofacial region.
The awareness of maxillofacial surgery doctors and rehabilitation dentistry specialists about modern methods of surgical care, about an improved methodological algorithm for eliminating asymmetric cleft upper lip and / or palate, including with deficiency of own tissues, can serve as a «road map» for the development of a specialized interdisciplinary health recovery complex this category of patients.

Relevance. Search and perfectioning of effective health programs, as well as the need of further improvement and assessment of the effectiveness of the motivation to acquire new knowledge by children have remained still relevant.

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of usage of dental cognitive-gaming complex in increasing the level of knowledge of preschool children.

Materials and methods. We have assessed the level of knowledge of 88 preschoolers of 4-6 years old in dynamics. Hygiene lessons were conducted with the usage of “transformer cube”, step-by-step instructions, notes of the lesson and a special patient card. The level of knowledge of preschool children at the beginning, middle and end of the school year was determined with the results, recorded in individual patient card. We evaluated the level of knowledge (minimum, basic, high) due to answer on each question from 16 questions of the card.

Results. Number of children with a high level of hygienic knowledge, that are necessary to preserve their own dental health, have been significantly increased under the influence of dental cognitive-gaming complex. Children of all age groups have demonstrated level up of knowledge on key issues, which were the criterion for the objectivization of a motivational benefit. The most significant positive dynamics in maintaining dental health is registered in 6-year-old children. knowledge necessary to preserve your own dental health.

Conclusions. Consequently, the older child is, more effective and quickly hygienic motivation and knowledge develop. The cognitive-gaming complex has a significant influence on level up of knowledge on key issues of all age groups of children during the school year. Thus, the motivational complex is effective, and the answers to key questions are a criterion for the objectification of its assessment.

Relevance. Problem of children health maintenance becomes more important nowadays. According to results of scientific researches of the last decade oral health influences general health state, therefore condition of the dentofacial system can be considered as indicator of general health.

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of standard steel crowns for the children's oral cavity sanitation based on an analysis of the teeth condition and peripheral blood counts.

Materials and methods. 77 children 4-9 years old, whose temporary molars during oral cavity sanitation after treatment of chronic pulpitis by vital pulp amputation were restored using either filling materials or stainless steel crowns were examined. Dental state was analyzed by evaluation of caries rate, caries rate’s increment and reduction of caries rate’s increment. In order to evaluate general performance status of children in research groups general blood test and immunogram were taken twice (before sanation and a year after) to estimate total concentration and percentage of different types of leucocytes, T-helpers and T-suppressors.

Results. Children 4-9 years old, whose temporary molars during oral treatment were restored using stainless steel crowns demonstrate significant improvement of dental state by 54% reduction of caries rates increment. Children 4-9 years whose temporary molars were restored using stainless steel crowns had statistically significant decline of leucocytes amount (from 9,62 K/mcL to 7,35 K/mcL) and tendency to cell immunity stabilization, which definitely testify improvement of general status.

Conclusions. The study shows improvement of dental state and some characteristics of peripheral blood of 4-9 year old children whose temporary molars were restored using Stainless Steel Crowns.

Relevance. Cleft lip and palate is one of the severe malformations of the face and jaw, requiring a comprehensive approach to the rehabilitation of the patients, including doctors of various specialties, one of which is orthodontists. A feature of orthodontic treatment is difficulty of fixing bracket systems, as well as lowering the level of oral hygiene, caused by deformation and displacement of fragments of the maxillofacial region.

Purpose. Improving the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment and hygiene of the oral caviti in patients with cleft lip and palate in permanent bite period.

Materials and methods. A comparison was made of the effetctiveness of fixing brackets systmes with direct and indirect bonding techniques and the effectiveness of oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment using irrigators.

Results. The results of the study showed a difference in the effectiveness of using direct and indirect methods of fixing bracket systems in patients with cleft and palate. The use of irrigators as additional means of oral hygiene has demonstrated a positive dynamic of hygiene indices.

Conclusions. Results of the study demonstrate the advantages of fixation the brackets by indirect bonding and use additional hygiene products irrigator for improving of oral hygiene.

Relevance. Today, orthodontic treatment of malocclusion in adolescence is quite common. However, this does not indicate the quality of the treatment, as insufficient hygiene of the mouth and fixed orthodontic appliances leads to a number of complications. Bracket systems have multiple retention points, due to which food debris accumulates in large quantities around locks, hooks, springs, arches and other elements used in fixed orthodontic structures and is poorly cleaned [1]. The existing increased risk of complications, such as superficial demineralization of enamel, which develops in middle, and then deep caries, inflammatory periodontal diseases, requires adequate preventive measures. Low hygienic culture and lack of motivation to care for medical equipment further complicate the dental situation in adolescents [2, 3].

Purpose. To study the dental status and factors influencing it in adolescents who are treating malocclusion with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, which were divided into 2 age groups 12-14 and 15-18 years. Surveys were conducted, during which the prevalence of caries and intensity were determined by the KPU index. We studied the indicators of the Green-Vermillion hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) (Green, Vermillion, 1964) and, based on the results obtained, we calculated the cleaning effect, enamel resistance test V.R. Okushko (1984) and remineralizing efficacy, papillary-marginal alveolar index (РМА, Schour, Massler, 1948), based on the obtained results of the РМА index, determined the anti-inflammatory efficacy, Ulitovsky Hygienic Knowledge Index and based on this index established the survival of hygienic knowledge in adolescents. Along with this, data were copied from outpatient records of dental patients, form 043 / y.

Results. As a result of the study, digital indicators of the Green – Vermillion indexes in the groups and the parameter of the cleaning effect, which was equal to 51.04 ± 4.87% in the second group, were established. The values of the TER test in adolescents of the first group at the beginning of the survey were 3.00 ± 0.45, in the second – 4.00 ± 0.51. By the end of the study, the PMA index values in the two groups were 8.03 ± 1.12% and 23.95 ± 2.31% in the first and second groups, respectively (p < 0,05). The index of hygienic knowledge decreased by the 4th week to 4.30 ± 0.91 and 6.73 ± 1.68 in the first and second groups, respectively.

Conclusions. The obtained results determine the need to improve the quality of dental health for this contingent, through dental education and improve hygiene procedures.

Relevance. The role of pediatric dentistry in younger generation health improvement is undeniable; therefore, developing pediatric dental service is an important health care issue.

Purpose. To present the contribution of Lubov Sergeevna Litovkina to paediatric dental service development in connection with her death on December, 23, 2019.

Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of professional activity and scientific works of L.S. Litovkina the achievements that have contributed to the development of pediatric dentistry service in Volgograd Region were identified.

Results. Public, clinical and scientific activities of L.S. Litovkina were highlighted. Special attention was paid to such areas of her work as the organization of epidemiological dental examinations of children’s population, the implementation of milk fluoridation program for prevention of dental caries in preschool children, school dentistry improvement and applying the dental educational program for the elementary schoolchildren.

Conclusions. The organizational and scientific activities of L.S. Litovkina contributed to the development of the paediatric dental service and oral health improvement of children’s population.

Relevance. According to the latest data the distal occlusion of the dentition is considered first in the structure of dental anomalies on the sagittal plane reaching 40-45% of the total number of deformations of the dental system.

Purpose. Study of information about management and methods of treatment and intended indications for their use in patients with distal occlusion in different periods of bite formation.

Materials and methods. We studied the publications of recent years by both Russian and foreign authors which were devoted to the choice of management and methods of treatment of growing patients with distal occlusion.

Results. The variability in the manifestations of distal occlusion indicates the urgency of improving the management and methods of orthodontic treatment in patients with this pathology. In this case the determining factors are the severity of the pathology and the age of the patient. It is considered that the potential growth of the dento-maxillofacial area of the patient should be determined according to its individual characteristics. They are based on the stage of formation of the cervical vertebrae. It is noted that treatment during the second dentition has significant effects which are associated with the possibility of modifying the growth of the dental complex. This allows you to achieve a stable result in the long term.

Conclusions. Different opinions of specialists determine the relevance of further study of methods of orthodontic treatment and analysis of the efficiency of their application, the necessity to improve the tactics of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with distal occlusion during the formation of the bite taking into account the direction of the type of growth of the facial skeleton in growing patients.

Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review.

Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis.

Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years.

Results. The transition from a symbiotic microflora to a dysbiotic pathogenic community triggers the host's inflammatory response, which contributes to the development of periodontal diseases. Modern ideas about periodontal pathogenic bacteria dictate new requirements for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The second part of the review examines the microbial profiles of periodontal disease in various nosological forms, the mechanisms of the immune response and approaches to the treatment of periodontal disease from the perspective of biofilm infection.

Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.