Relevance. Most risks to the dental health of the population are manageable. The experience of different countries demonstrates that in many cases these risks could be eliminated and minimized with proper organization of preventive work. Special attention is paid to the comprehensive prevention of oral diseases in children.

Purpose. The article presents the review of the "day of dental health" as a complex event, which included carrying out the questionnaire on dental health among children.

Materials and methods. Conducting hygienic health lesson (training) with a written survey in the form of a quiz to control the degree of assimilation of information. The study involved 232 children aged 7-15 years old, which corresponds to the primary and secondary school age.

Results. The paper presents the results of the survey in the form of comparison between two age groups: children of 7-11 years old, children of 12-15 years old. The state of the oral cavity in the group of children of 7-11 years old (removable bite) CFE+cf amounted to 1.76, in the group of 12-15 years (permanent bite) CFE = 2.07, which in both cases corresponds to the compensated form of caries.

Conclusions. According to the results of testing, the proportion of children who answered all the questions correctly increased from 54.7% to 90.7% (1.66 times), which indicates the efficiency of the chosen method of presenting the material.

Relevance. Nowadays tooth decay continues to constitute one of the most widespread diseases. Dental hygiene remains to be one of the most important preventive methods.

Purpose. Evaluate the anti-caries efficacy of Junior Bubble Gum toothpaste and Splat Company’s Innova Suspension Liquid enamel containing hydroxyapatite.

Materials and methods. During the dental survey of 60 children we evaluated the prevalence, intensity of caries, microcrystallization of saliva, acid resistance of enamel, the amount of calcium ions and phosphates in the oral fluid. The surveyed children were divided into two groups. The children of the main group cleaned their teeth twice a day with Junior Babble Gum and Splat’s Innova Liquid Enamel toothpaste. The children of the control group also brushed their teeth twice a day with hygienic toothpaste without using a mouthwash.

Results. In the main group, the prevalence of caries was 70.8%, the intensity — 3.8 teeth. In the control group, the prevalence of caries was 73.6%, the intensity — 3.6 teeth. The indicator of acid resistance of enamel after 6 months, in the main group was equal to 4.6 points, and in the control group was 18.2 points. In the main group of children, microcrystallization of the oral fluid increased by 2.5 times. The content of calcium and phosphorus in the oral fluid increased significantly in the main group.

Relevance. Congenital cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common severe congenital malformations. In recent decades, there has been a tendency to an increase in the frequency of this defect, as well as congenital malformations in general, which is associated with an increased effect of toxic substances on the body, due to the intensive development of industry, in particular chemical. In children with this defect, a high prevalence of somatic and dental diseases is recorded, a high prevalence and intensity of dental caries, non-carious lesions, and periodontal diseases is revealed. This indicates that children are in dire need of dental care, and the problem of prevention and treatment of dental diseases in such children is especially relevant.

Purpose. Study of dental morbidity in children with congenital clefts of the upper lip and palate (CLP) at the age of 3 years and 6 years, comparing them with children without this pathology.

Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a dental examination of 195 children with CLP, of which 108 children aged 3 years, 87 children aged 6 years, and also 187 healthy children, 103 of them children aged 3 years, 84 at the age of 6 years. In the examined children, the prevalence and intensity of dental caries, malformations of hard dental tissues, periodontal diseases, dentofacial anomalies, and the hygienic condition of the oral cavity were assessed. For determination of the intensity of dental caries in children 3 years old, the «kpu» index was used, and in children of 6 years, the «KPU + kp» index was used. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity was assessed by the FedorovVolodkina index (1968), periodontal status in children 6 years of the age by the KPI index (Leus PA, 1988). The results of the examination were entered into the registration cards of the dental status of children (WHO, 2013).

Results. During the dental examination, a high prevalence and intensity of dental caries, poor oral hygiene among in children 3 and 6 years old with CLP. In the majority of the examined children with CLP, compared with children without this pathology, enamel hypoplasia is more often diagnosed and the prevalence of dental anomalies and periodontal diseases is higher.

Conclusions. Тhe results of the work justify the need for planning and carrying out measures for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases in children with CLP, including rational oral hygiene, health education and hygienic education of children and their parents, oral sanation and dispensary observation.

Relevance. The high prevalence of dentofacial deformities and myofunctional disorders of the maxillofacial region in children with chronic background pathology of ENT organs actualizes the interest of researchers in the problem of timely diagnosis and comprehensive rehabilitation of this category of patients.

Purpose. Monitoring of the modern approach to the comprehensive treatment of dentofacial pathology and myofunctional disorders in children with ENT pathology.

Materials and methods. Literature review on the topic from 44 sources, of which 30 are domestic, 14 are foreign.

Results. The review summarizes and presents modern methods for eliminating dentomaxillary pathology and myofunctional disorders in children with chronic diseases of ENT organs.

Conclusions. Patients suffering from chronic diseases of the ENT organs need comprehensive sanitation and a dental examination for the detection of dentofacial pathology and its specialized elimination. An interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of dentofacial deformities and myofunctional disorders of the maxillofacial region is substantiated. Interdisciplinary interaction of related specialists at all stages of rehabilitation of patients with comorbid conditions against the background of chronic diseases of ENT organs will significantly facilitate the choice of medical technologies and will improve the quality of treatment, significantly reduce the likelihood of a relapse.

Relevance. Hypoplasia is one of the most common developmental enamel defects, which forming before tooth eruption. The presence of enamel hypoplasia in a child is a predictor of high caries risk. Especially often, the hypoplastic first permanent molars are affected by caries. Children with enamel hypoplasia require comprehensive treatment and follow-up care by a pediatric dentist.

Purpose. Study of the dynamics of maturation and the risk of caries in the first permanent molars in children with systemic hypoplasia of the enamel.

Materials and methods. In order to study the maturation dynamics and assess the risk of caries, 161 children aged 6-12 years were examined. The main group consisted of 131 children with a diagnosis of systemic enamel hypoplasia; the control group consisted of 30 children free of diagnosis of systemic enamel hypoplasia. A survey was conducted for all the examined with the identification of complaints, an examination of the oral cavity with an assessment of the state of hard tissues of the teeth, the dynamics of the processes of maturation of the enamel of the first permanent molars from the moment of teething in the oral cavity and for 1 year using the electrometric method were studied quarterly.  

Results. Children with hypoplasia of the enamel experience discomfort, pain, aesthetic dissatisfaction, therefore, the quality of life in this group of children is markedly reduced. In 75% of cases, the spotted form of systemic hypoplasia was observed in the examined children. The predominant localization of hypoplastic spots and defects is the tubercles and vestibular surfaces of the first permanent molars (84% of the examined). Hypoplastic molars erupt with incomplete mineralization; the final maturation of enamel in the area of hypoplastic sites by the end of the study did not occur. Moreover, in 90.38% of hypoplastic molars, the development of a carious process was noted.

Conclusions. Children with hypoplasia of the enamel are patients who need comprehensive dental treatment in connection with a number of problems that arise: aesthetic dissatisfaction and behavioral complexes, pain, high risk of caries and post-orally damaged teeth, especially the first permanent molars.

Relevance. Analysis of domestic and foreign studies confirms the fact that the main problems of pediatric dentistry remain pathology of hard tissues of the teeth and periodontal disease. If younger students have a significant lesion of caries of milk teeth, then high school students have a tendency to increase the carious process of permanent teeth. The most common periodontal disease in schoolchildren is caries and catarrhal gingivitis.

Purpose. Assessment of changes in the indicators of dental health of students in different conditions: in the presence and absence of a school dental office.

Materials and methods. A standard dental examination of 600 students from one of the districts of St. Petersburg 12 years and 15 years of schools with a school dental office and in its absence, using the CPI indices, pappilarmarginalalveolar (PMA) in the Parma modification, the Mulleman bleeding index in the Cowell modification, the simplified index of oral hygiene OHI-S.

Results. The results of the study revealed a high prevalence of caries in adolescent children. There are significant differences in the rates of examinations conducted over three years in groups with the presence of a dental office and in its absence.

Conclusions. The conclusion is made about the change in the intensity and prevalence of caries among schoolchildren against the background of the presence and absence of a dental office in an educational institution. The conclusion is drawn about the change in the dental health indicators of students in the period 2016-2018. In the presence and absence of a school dental office.

Relevance. The prevalence of caries of temporary teeth, the complexity of the organization of prevention and treatment of early childhood caries provide a high need for preschool children in dental care. The majority of children of preschool age are turning to dental organizations on the occasion of pulpitis of temporary teeth.

Purpose. To study the results of three various medicaments’ use for pulpotomy in primary molars in children.

Materials and methods. The Regional Ethic Committee’s permission was obtained before the start of the randomized clinical trial in the parallel groups. After informed parental consents 3-9-year-old children with reversible pulpitis in primary molars were included into the study. Three study-groups were formed by randomization (N=105). Pulpotomy in the first group was applied with Pulpotec (Produits Dentaires SA, Switzerland), in the second group – with PD MTA White (Produits Dentaires SA, Switzerland), in the third group – with Pulpevit #3 (formocresol) (VladMiVa, Russia). In all groups pulpotomy was conducted in one appointment, the light-curing composite was used for restorations. Clinical and radiographical examinations were performed after 6 and 12 months. Chi-square criterion was used to assess the differences between the groups.

Results. At the examinations after 6 and 12 months after pulpotomy pain and other clinical signs of pathology were not revealed in all groups. In the second group tooth discoloration after pulpotomy was noted in 60.6% cases. Radiographical examination after 6 months did not reveal any pathology, after 12 months single cases of external root resorption and periodontal ligament space increase were found (radiographical efficiency were 97.2%, 93.8% и 94.2% in the first, second and third groups respectively, p > 0.05).

Conclusions. Clinical examination of the children after 6 and 12 months, radiographical examination after 6 months revealed 100% efficiency of pulpotomy in primary molars in all the groups. After 12 months radiographical efficiency of pulpotomy was higher after using Pulpotec (97.2%) comparing to MTA (93.8%) and formocresol (94.2%); however, the differences were not significant statistically. Adverse effect was teeth discoloration after MTA use, which did not affect the clinical-radiographical efficiency of pulpotomy.

Relevance. Functional disharmonies of the maxillofacial region are directly related to the degree of intensity of dental caries. In addition, modern studies note the importance of methodological approaches to the study of the function of the masseter muscles. This is due to the fact that with increased fatigue and an imbalance in the bioelectric activity of the masticatory and temporal muscles, a decrease in the hydrodynamic pressure gradient in the arterioles of the pulp chamber of the teeth, difficulty in the flow of interstitial fluid into the sewage system of the tooth, as a result of which the tissue barrier and caries resistance of hard tooth tissues suffer. Therefore, when developing recommendations for improving primary prevention and therapeutic measures for dental caries, a prerequisite is a comprehensive study of the dental status with an assessment of the functional state of the masseter muscles.

Purpose. To analysis of the functional state of the masseter and temporal muscles in children with varying degrees of dental caries.

Materials and methods. The study examined the relationship between the state of the masseter and temporalis of the maxillofacial region with different levels of dental caries resistance in 108 children aged 6-16 years with normal occlusion. The investigated were divided into four groups groups with a high, medium hard, low average, and low degree caries resistance. In each group, the indices of KPU and KPU + kp were determined, the state of hard tissues of teeth was assessed by means of electrometric diagnostics, and the functional state of externally localized masseter and temporalis was studied by electromyography.

Results. An analysis of the functional state of the masseter muscles revealed a decrease in the indicators of total bioelectric activity in children with a decrease in the level of caries resistance. Thus, adolescents with a medium hard, low average, and low degree caries resistance have an imbalance in bioelectrical activity between the masseter and temporal muscles and a general decrease in the potential activity of the masseter muscles. The obtained data on the number of carious, filled and extracted teeth (KPU index) indicate an increase in values with a deterioration in the resistance of dental hard tissues.

Conclusions. The analysis allows us to talk about a direct relationship between the functional state of the masseter muscles and the caries resistance. Therefore, when developing recommendations for improving primary prevention and therapeutic measures for dental caries, a prerequisite is a comprehensive study of the dental status with an assessment of the functional state of the masseter muscles.

Purpose. A long-term medical efficiency evaluation of the school supervised toothbrushing in prevention of dental caries.

Methods. In 2012 in Bobruisk city 250 the first-grade children were involved in the 2-years program of toothbrushing supervised and assisted by school teachers. Children were provided free toothbrushes and toothpastes with an active anticaries component – MINERALIN KIDS®. Dental checkup was carried every 2 first years and the final one at age of 12 years. The DMFT and its components were recorded.

Results. An average DMFT of permanent teeth of 12-year-old school children participated in two-year supervised toothbrushing program was at the level of 1.72, which was by 14% less as in comparison group of the same age school children.

Conclusions. The State program, which comprise the supervised toothbrushing in schools was effective in prevention of dental caries in children in the long-term observation period.

Relevance. The introduction of new oral hygiene products with an effective on intra-oral malodour in periodontal practice can improve the health status of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases.

Materials and methods. A survey of 33 patients (age 2135 years) was carried out, with a diagnosis of plaqueinduced gingivitis. After professional hygiene, all patients asked to use dentifrice and mouthwash.

Results. According to the questionnaire, the organoleptic properties of BreathRx dentifrice and mouthwash positively evaluated by more than 64% of respondents, and hygiene properties by more than 94% of patients with plaque-induced gingivitis.

Conclusions. The results of a patient study to assess the organoleptic and hygienic properties of BreathRx dentifrice and mouthwash used to effectively with intra-oral malodour recommend it to a patient with gingivitis.

Relevance. The problem of the prevention and treatment of dental caries is one of the leading places in practical dentistry. Most likely, diseases of the hard tissues of the teeth are caused by multispecies communities of microorganisms. There fore, improving methods for identifying and identifying pathogens of dental diseases is relevant.

Purpose. To study the literature on the application of the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial markets in various fields of medicine.

Materials and methods. An analysis of 41 sources of literature on the etiology of pathogens of dental diseases and the results of the application of the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial markets in various fields of medicine was carried out.

Results. An analysis of the literature showed that the most common diseases of the oral cavity are most likely caused by multi-species communities, rather than individual isolated pathogenesis. When using bacteriological diagnostic methods, assessing the role of bacteria as an etiological and pathogenesis factor in the development and progression of destructive diseases of hard tissues teeth presents significant difficulties. The method of chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial markets by the composition of microbial metabolites was used to study microbial communities involved in the development of various pathological processes, while the results were confirmed by inoculating samples of clinical material. As an additional method for diagnosing the state of the microflora of the oral cavity, the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial markets by the composition of microbial metabolites.

Conclusions. The possibility of detecting the causative agents of dental diseases by determining microbial communities by the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial markets was investigated and substantiated. The used of modern technologies for the identification of pathogens will make it possible in the future to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis, determine the range of pathogens, and will increase the effectiveness of treatment of dental diseases and reduce the cost of re-treatment.

Relevance. All over the world there is an increase in prevalence of 1 and 2 types diabetes mellitus among the children’s population. According to the Federal diabetes register of the Russian Federation the annual diabetes incidence increase among children is 2.25% (in children aged 5-9 years – 10.3%). Therefore, the knowledge about diabetes mellitus influence on children’s oral health is essential for dentists who provide dental care for children.

Purpose. To study the relationship and interaction between oral pathology and diabetes mellitus in children.

Materials and methods. The databases of eLibrary, PubMed, EMBASE, MedLine, CyberLeninka were used to search scientific literature on the relationship and interaction between diabetes mellitus and oral diseases in children. Forty seven published works were selected for subsequent analysis.

Results. It was revealed that diabetes mellitus adversely affects oral health in children. Accelerated permanent teeth eruption, disorders of bone metabolism, reduction of salivary flow rate and saliva buffer capacity, periodontal and oral mucosa diseases were found in children with diabetes mellitus more frequently than in healthy peers. Accordingly, oral diseases deteriorated the course of diabetes. The mutual influence of diabetes mellitus and inflammatory periodontal diseases were proved, but the relationship between diabetes and dental caries among children needs further study. The role of a dentist in the timely detection of diabetes mellitus is emphasized.

Conclusions. The obtained data justify the need to develop a complex of medical and diagnostic measures aimed at early diagnosis of diabetes, monitoring blood glucose levels, improving the quality of medical care for patients of paediatric dental and somatic clinics who suffer from diabetes and oral diseases.

Relevance. Chronic parenchymal parotitis is the most common salivary gland disease in children which occurs in about 85% cases.

Purpose. On the example of a clinical case, demonstrate the most effective methods of diagnosis and treatment of recurrent parotid parotitis.

Materials and methods. In our review we present a 7-year-old boy who had episodes of recurrent parotid parotitis.

Results. We have carried out a multipurpose method of examination of patients applying additional types of diagnostics: contrast medium in sialography and doppler ultrasonography. Moreover, the treatment strategies for juvenile recurrent parotitis has been identified.

Conclusions. Conducting a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination and choosing a timely and rational treatment tactic allows you to achieve a long-term remission of the disease.