The paper analyzes the results of anthropometric studies of the face and biometric measurements of the gypsum models of the jaws of 60 children in the period of milk bite, of which a comparison group was formed (37 healthy children with physiological occlusion) and the main group (23 children with congenital one-sided cleft of the upper lip, palate and alveolar process). Based on the results of biometrics, including the determination of the dimensions of the dental arches in the transversal, sagittal, diagonal directions, as well as the overall length and length of the frontal section, a mathematical-graphic reproduction has been modeled, allowing the most accurate representation of the individual shape of the upper dental arch in the bite of the infant teeth. The results of anthropometric studies of the face suggest that children with congenital maxillofacial pathology have features due to the severity of the anomaly, with the most significant changes observed on the side of non-growth of the upper lip, palate and alveolar process. In children with clefts of the upper lip, palate and alveolar process, the vertical parameters of the middle and gnathic parts of the face, as well as the sagittal, transversal and diagonal indices of the dental arches, which establish constriction, shortening of the dentition and upper jaw dimensions on the defect side, have statistically significant differences in comparison with a physiological norm.

The article presents the current state of the problem of connective tissue dysplasia (DST). The purpose of this study was to establish the features of the dental status associated with somatic diseases in adults and children (residents of Omsk) with signs of connective tissue dysplasia. A dental examination of 407 children and adults who were on inpatient treatment for somatic diseases in specialized departments of medical organizations of the city of Omsk and 72 people without signs of DST without physical pathology (among those who underwent a preventive medical examination) was performed. Changes in oral cavity in dental practice characteristic for each of the analyzed groups were revealed. The relationship between the severity of dysplasia and the frequency of occurrence and the nature of dental diseases in children and adults is assessed.

Experience in national and international research shows the unique conditions of intrauterine development of twins and adverse outcomes for their health. The present study focuses on the analysis of the dental status of parameters and external stigma of twins, based on the experience of monitoring 89 children born from multiple pregnancies. As a result a number differences of the considered parameters have been found in groups of twins with discordant development and between children from one twin pairs / triplets with the trend of higher frequency and severity of pathological changes in a child with a lower birth weight or both children, prenatal development of whom took place in severe dissociation. This fact confirms the equal but often the nature of the adverse conditions of multiple gestation for the twins.

Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases among the world's children's world. For the clinical and laboratory study under observation, 90 children from 7 to 12 years old with replaceable bite were taken with manifestations of the initial caries of enamel on incisors of permanent teeth. Based on the cluster analysis performed, the results of the initial treatment caries of teeth enamel in children during the period of a change in occlusion from the degree of activity of the carious process.

Saliva is a biological liquid, the peculiarities of contents and features of which help maintain homeostasis of mineral components in the mouth. That is why it is so important to use this function of saliva when carrying out prophylactic measures on children for the purpose of restoring enamel on early “fore-cavity” stages: the task is fulfilled through analyzing saliva properties and their changes, and further correction of its properties if necessary. Taking the above said into account, the aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of enamel remineralization not only through supporting necessary minerals, but also through stabilizing saliva's properties.

The aim of the study was to evaluate maxilla development in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients with regard to primary surgery type and timing. The study involved 157 UCLP patients. The results proved early primary cheiloplasty with no orthopedic treatment do not promote primary deformity of the maxillary alveolar bone thus increasing the risk for tooth germs developmental disorders and adentia.

The aim is to increase the effectiveness of diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of patients with impacted incisors and canines on the maxilla. A technique of determining the spatial location of the frontal impacted teeth on the maxilla was developed and introduced into practice of the orthodontist, using data from cone-beam computed tomography. The proposed method allows to determine the level of location and degree of its inclination, that is very important for planning comprehensive orthodontic and surgical treatment of patients with impacted teeth.

The aim of our research was studying the physical and immunohormonal characteristics of the oral fluid in patients with JRA. A decrease of the rate of salivation and an increase in the viscosity of oral fluid have been established. In the coordination of cortisol-ACTH, there was a disturbance in the balance in the form of an increase in the content of cortisol in 2,86 times and a decrease in ACTH in 0,62 times. The cytokine profile was characterized by the state of immunodeficiency with a decrease in the concentration of IL-1β - in 2,07 times, IL-6 - in 1,83 times, TNF-α - in 2,08 times, IL-4 - in 0,58 times, IL-10 - in 4,26 times. These indicators showed a correlation interdependence, as well as the conjugation with the index of caries intensity.

Significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis is attributed to the infectious-allergic factor, changes in the immune system of the body. With a decrease in general and, especially, local immunity of the mouth cavity, the species composition of the microflora changes, its aggressiveness and antibiotic resistance increase. The aim of the study was to study the qualitative and quantitative structure of microbiocenosis of mouthy cavity belonged to the children with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. 30 children suffering from chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (group 1) aged from 4 to 15 years took part in this research. 20 almost healthy children (group 2) at the age from 4 to 15 years without chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis and concomitant somatic pathology have been formed as a control group. As a result of the study, all patients suffering from chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis were diagnosed with microbiocenosis disorder of the mouth cavity. In 100% of cases, a high sensitivity to bacteriophages was revealed what makes it possible in some cases to exclude the use of antibiotics and to provide treatment with bacteriophages.

The Study confirmed that in children with dental anomalies of functional origin with predominance of hypokinetic syndrome, the motor component of the functional system of the maxillofacial region is reduced, while in children with similar anomalies with a predominance of hyperkinetic syndrome, the motor component indicators are increased. In children with dentoalveolar anomalies functional origin with the prevalence of hypokinetic syndrome observed vascular dystonia in the pulp of the first molar, due to the lack of functional activity of the posterior teeth and reduce the influence of the mechanisms of the active control on the microcirculation of blood in the vessels of the pulp. For children with dental anomalies of functional origin with a predominance of hyperkinetic syndrome, characterized by a slight decrease in perfusion at a low level of control of microcirculation.

The aim of the study was to assess microleakage in primary molars restored with fillings and stainless steel preformed pediatric crowns (SSCs) after simulating pulpotomy in vitro. Twenty-four extracted primary molars were randomly divided into two groups. The in vitro study showed that microleakage from the SSCs margins depended on the expertise level of the operator but was still lower than in teeth restored with compomer fillings.

The problem of isolation of tooth dentin in the treatment of caries in children and adolescents aged 7-16 years using the method of direct composite restoration is discussed. The expediency of imposing a base from glass ionomer cement is substantiated with the purpose of creating conditions for maturing dentin and completing the process of forming the roots of tooth. The method of restoration is described and the choice of the material for a base is substantiated. A clinical example of restoring tooth part corresponding to dentin, with glass ionomer cement, and crown tooth parts corresponding to enamel, with a universal composite material.

The article describes the morphological and functional characteristics of the hard tissues and clinical course of caries of deciduous teeth. The advantages of using glass ionomer cement light-curing MNN in the treatment of caries of temporary teeth.

The problem of caries in its relevance takes the leading place in dentistry; the incidence of caries is one of the main indicators of population’s overall dental health. Adequate selection of the most effective hygiene means allows to successfully solve the problems of preventive dental diseases, at both group and individual levels. The double blind study for efficient personal hygiene products involved 139 children aged 12 who were given unmarked samples of toothpaste based on calcium glycerophosphate and calcium glycerophosphate in combination with xylitol. Teenagers were recommended to brush their teeth 2 times a day, the second examination was carried out a month later and the final one took place a year later. All the students participating in the study took part in the sociological survey carried out with the help of WHO standard questionnaires (2013) «Questionnaire on oral health for children». The survey recorded the data on the children's awareness of the toothpaste they use, frequency of tooth cleaning, self-assessment of their dental health, consumption frequency of certain kinds of food and beverages. As a result of clinical and hygienic effectiveness evaluation of toothpastes containing calcium glycerophosphate with xylitol.

Practical application of personal oral hygiene means is important in the prevention of caries and periodontal diseases among patients undergoing treatment on a non-removable bracket system. For patients in the puberty period, this is most relevant, since the processes of mineralization of the enamel of permanent teeth are not yet completed by the time of eruption, thus the inadequate quality of hygienic procedures can lead to aggravation of the cariogenic situation, disruption of the integrity of the design and tightness of attachment of its elements. To maintain adequate oral hygiene, patients with non-removable orthodontic structures are offered many auxiliary devices (toothbrushes for brackets, irrigators, interdental brushes, monobular brushes, etc.). However, it is difficult to achieve effective manipulation with the use of these drugs in pediatric patients, since it is difficult for young children to perform certain procedures, in addition, it is difficult to motivate children to use something other than pasta and brushes. There are studies that prove the advantages of power toothbrushes, including, sonic toothbrushes before manual in the effectiveness of removing plaque [1, 5]. Also in the modern literature there is information convincingly demonstrating the absence of damaging effect of sound brushes on tooth enamel [3]. Nevertheless, many orthodontists do not seek to recommend their patients to use sound brushes, as they are not sure that regular sound impact will not break the strength of the attachment of the elements of the structures. The present study was a study of the nature of changes in hygienic indices and clinical parameters of oral health in patients at different age periods with fixed orthodontic constructs after using manual and sound toothbrushes, as well as studying the effect of an audio brush on the strength of attachment of the bracket system to tooth enamel.

A clinical stomatologic examination of 1398 students of institute of higher education in Ufa at the age of 16 to 20 years was carried out. The most common cases were: caries, parodontal disease and anomalies of tooth position. The prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies is 83.12%. In structure combined anomalies are prevailing. Needs in orthodontic treatment was assessed by indices of DAI and DHC component of IOTN. Assessment of quality of life were conducted using a questionnaire of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). High prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies requires improving the complex of treatment and prophylaxis actions for this category.