The selection of local anesthetic in pediatric dentistry is a responsible and important action. Anesthesia must be effective, safe and possess low toxicity. An important role is played by the assessment of the functional state of the patient, as well as the general somatic status of the child. A review of local anesthetics used in pediatric dental practice once again indicates the importance and necessity of algorithmizing the actions of the dentist.

Nowadays paediatric dentists have to treat children not only by different ages but also kids with different level of cooperations. Partnership between child and dentist depend of patient’s age group and past negative dental experience or dental behavioural management problems. When it is impossible to treat kids with non-medical behaviour management and treatment under general anaesthesia has not got any indications - pedodontists in many countries treat teeth with a conscious sedation. The sedation is a minimally depressed level of consciousness, produced by a pharmacological method, that retains the patient’s ability to independently and continuously maintain an airway and respond normally to tactile stimulation and verbal command. Although cognitive function and coordination may be modestly impaired, ventilatory and cardiovascular functions are unaffected.

The article presents the data of the analysis of literature and own studies on the dental morbidity of children with autistic spectrum disorders, their clinical and psychological characteristics, their treatment and prophylaxis, the organization of hygienic education and training, and the choice of oral hygiene products.

In this article, we will consider various options for the restoration of the frontal group of teeth in the temporary occlusion for various lesions: caries and its complications, enamel and dentin hypoplasia, imperfect dentinal and amelogenesis. We learn about the possibilities of modern dentistry, methods that allow to preserve both function and aesthetics, for the correct formation of not only the system of the child, but also the personality, psycho-emotional condition of the child.

Evaluation of pulp vitality, pulpectomy indications, restoration option due to remaining hard tissue.

Up to 30% of children under the age of 12 recieve teeth trauma. Tooth avulsion is total displacement of the tooth out of its socket. It is one of the most difficult types of dental trauma. In this type of trauma the most important period is the first 20 minutes. In the clinical case, the parents of the child acted quickly and clearly. It helped preserve the tooth and the physiological development of the bone tissue in the aesthetically significant area. Description of the treatment protocol, the result of the treatment of a 14-year-old child with an avulsion 22 and a luxation 21.

The paper presents data on dental treatment of 82 children with epidermolysis bullosa. The highlights of the study are oral status and dental treatment options of the rare genetic dermatosis, as well as possible technical pitfalls and useful clinical techniques to avoid them.

Caries is one of the most common oral diseases in childhood. Its frequency in the structure of diseases in children reaches 100% in some age groups. However, existing prophylactic and therapeutic methods do not reduce this figure, and complications caused by caries remain at an unforgivably high level. According to researchers, the causes of inadequate «sanitation» of the oral cavity lie in a misunderstanding and disregard for the microbial composition of the oral biocenosis. It was been proven that imbalance of the oral microbiome induces not only caries, inflammatory periodontal diseases, oral mucosa, but also creates conditions for a wide range of somatic pathology, including allergic reactions. Expansion of indications for the use of antibacterial and antiseptic agents may provoke changes in the oral microbiota, both as result of direct effects on microorganisms and as result of immunosuppressive and cytotoxic effects.

Creating a long-term and productive in the triangle child-dentist-parent is one of the most important aspects of communication in the pediatric dentistry. Ways of behavioural modelling that have been already existed do not include collaboration with parents despite the fact that they are full members of the team. With the help of the book «Toothy poems» in our article we would like to present a method of reframing. Joint reading of it will help parents find the suitable words and understand the essence of the upcoming manipulation, as for а child get bright non-medical images for easy perseption of even the most complicated procedures.

Treatment of children with somatic and mental disabilities is the task of a multidisciplinary team of doctors. The task of the dentist who is part of this team is to prevent and treat dental diseases in children with disabilities. This is not only diseases of hard tissues, it is also the prevention of the development of maxillofacial anomalies, the cause of which is myodynamic imbalance. The myofunctional approach to the treatment of dental diseases allows not only to normalize the position of the teeth and prevent the development of anomalies, but also to solve behavioral problems that will help such patients to adapt to society. The success of the treatment of such patients depends on the chosen path of interaction with the child.

Creation of a dental photo protocol is an essential component of the modern pediatric dental practice. Photo protocol is used for documenting of the positive results of treatment; it allows to analyze some inaccuracies that are difficult for detection during the treatment. The technology of photo protocol in the youngest patients is developed and applied in the clinic «Zubrenok». The article shows the main aspects of selection of the technical support, accessories for improving the photos’ quality, some psychological components of work with the child and his parents, making it possible to make a photography as simple and quickly as possible.

Studying the morphology and mineralization of the crown and root dentin in children’s first permanent premolars, removed according to the orthodontic indications at the age of 13-14 and 16-18 years old, was carried out using the transmission electron microscopy method. It was found out that the crown and root dentin in the first permanent intact premolars in children of 13-14 years old is in the amorphous state. At the age of 16-18 years, presence of collagen fibres in the dentin and formation of nanocrystalline phase of calcium hydroxyapatite in the dentin matrix were determined. At the age of 13-14 years, a slight presence of phosphorus in the root dentin of premolars is found out. The Ca concentration in the crown and root dentin of the first premolars is practically in the equal ratio. The structure of the dentin (crown and root) in the children’s permanent teeth goes through a long stage of formation and mineralization.

The prevention of dental diseases is the prevention of the onset and development of diseases of the oral cavity. This direction should be a priority in modern dentistry. The main purpose of the GBT protocol is the joint work of the doctor and the patient, aimed at identifying and monitoring biofilms, obtaining individual instructions for caring for the oral cavity, motivating patients of all age groups (especially children) and increasing comfort throughout the procedure.

Children with amelogenesis imperfecta experience many oral difficulties including sensitivity and aesthetics. The methods of treating AI children are limited and therefore a program of care was evaluated in order to assess the clinical efficacy of providing preventive and restorative treatments. A non-randomised convenience sample of 12 patients with AI was evaluated. A comprehensive patient history was recorded, followed by a clinical and radiographic assessment of oral health. In 8/12 patients a hypoplastic form of AI was diagnosed, in 2/12 cases hypomaturation and in 2/12 cases hypocalcified form were noted. Chief complaints were mainly related to unsatisfactory aesthetics and dental sensitiv ity. In 8 patients there was active dental caries. Most of the patients had gingivitis and showed fair oral hygiene. The presence of non-enamel dental anomalies was recorded in 9 patients. All patients received meticulous preventive care. Initial treatment depended on AI type and oral health of the patient. During the transition period, both conventional and resin modified glass- ionomer cements, as well as composite resin materials, were used to restore posterior teeth. Direct composite resin res- torations were used to improve the appearance of anterior teeth. In 4 patients a long-lasting interdisciplinary approach including orthodontics, metal-ceramic crowns and fixed par- tial dentures, and direct composite restorations was required. Follow-up periods varied between 2–11 years. All children have been regularly recalled at 3 monthly inter- vals. Caries prevalence has remained low during the follow-up postoperative period and patients have reported satisfaction with the treatment they have received. AI is associated with multiple non-enamel anomalies and requires a complex treatment. Treatment planning is related to the age of the patient, the type and severity of the disorder, and the oral health of the patient. Early diagnosis, preventive care and timely treatment are of foremost importance to improve oral health in children with AI.

According to the Current Care Guideline on Caries (2014), cavity formation is a common problem in children and young people in Finland. White spot lesions that occur after orthodontic treatment are an initial stage of caries. The study showed that a mineral gel developed for the treatment of lesions is suitable for self-care and effective when used under the guidance of dental hygienists.

Improving the efficiency of the dentist’s work with young children, solving the issue of improving the quality of services provided, facilitating the work of pediatric dentists and increasing the profitability of dental clinics. Presented by our experience.