Dental caries remains one of the most actual problems of modern dentistry, which poses a serious threat to the health of the population. According to scientists' research, nearly 98% of people have carious lesions. In childhood, because of the anatomical and physical peculiarities of temporary teeth, caries develops quickly and rapidly, when the organism has few factors providing the resistance to caries and the dental channels are wide and short, which helps the infection agents to fastly penetrate into the tooth cavity. Scientifically proved that the intact temporary teeth affect the condition of the constant teeth row. That is why, it is very important to create new methods of carious treatment and prophylaxis during the period of temporary bite. Therefore, the problem of child caries prophylaxis is actual now as never before.

Overwhelming majority of the children of early age (up to 3 years) needs a dental treatment. It is important to not only apply high-quality materials and follow the manual about working with them, but also providing a set of prophylaxis actions selected considering the risk of caries and its activity in order to get esthetic and long-lasting result of treatment and that there is no need for re-intervention. The article shows an example of planning and providing the sanitation of the child’s oral cavity under general anesthesia.

Glass ionomers should take on an increasingly significant role in our treatment strategies. Although usage restrictions may exist in some clinical situations, their indications are numerous. The latest generations of GIs are excellent alternatives to amalgam or composite resins. These biocompatible materials perfectly meet the challenges of minimally invasive dentistry, save dental tissue and preserve pulp vitality.

The article presents a review of literature on methods of calcified barrier formation in immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis. According to literature data pulp revascularization promotes more physiological root growth and development when compared to conventional apexification with calcium hydroxide but there is lack of the studies revealing the nature of newly formed tissues and tissue formation patterns depending on specific scaffolds of growth factors use.

Pregnant women are well-known to have one of the highest risks of caries, but the commonly prescribed prevention means are not always effective. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various means of caries prevention in pregnant women. The individualized approach for selecting caries prevention agents in pregnant women by evaluating tooth enamel permeability by means of conducting the CDERR-test has been determined. The up-to-date calcium, phosphate and fluorine-containing drugs were used as means of prevention. The three-component calcium-phosphatefluorine-containing gel has been found to show the best caries preventive effect providing the deepest prophylactic drug penetration into tooth enamel. Using the calcium-phosphate-containing gel of the «Saliva» and «Enamel-sealing liquid» models has been noted to provide slightly less penetration of drugs into the tooth enamel.

The relevance of the research topic. Oral clefts are on the second place among human congenital malformations and have a great impact on the formation of dentoalveolar system of a child. At the same time, oral health is an integral part of the general health of a person and is crucial in studying the quality of life. Purpose: to evaluate oral health related quality of life of children with oral clefts. Methods: the ECOHIS questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life of children aged 2–5 years from the perception of their parents. Results: the quality of life of children was most often lower in matters of family well-being, physical discomfort and functional disorders in children. Besides, children with bilateral cleft lip and palate are more likely to experience problems with eating, speaking, and communicating with other children than children with unilateral cleft. Summary: the presence of congenital clefts affects the quality of life of children and their families, so a comprehensive multi-stage treatment with the participation of an interdisciplinary team of specialists should provide psychological support to families and be aimed at the complete elimination of aesthetic and functional disorders of maxillofacial region and social functions in children.

The article represents the results of the research of frequency, prevalence and structure of congenital maxillofacial anomaly in Volgograd and the region in 2010-2016. The study of birth rate with congenital maxillofacial anomaly was conducted in some administrative districts of the region; in the region, an unequal prevalence of the anomaly was identified. The results are the following: the index of frequency of birth with congenital maxillofacial anomaly per 1000 people was varying from 1,2±0,2 in 2016 to 1,9±0,3 in 2013, it amounts 1:630 or 1,6 children. Analyzing clinical and anatomical forms of the anomaly, we have noticed that the most frequent anomalies were the following: congenital cleft palate — 42%, 127 children; congenital cleft lip and palate — 32%, 96 children; congenital cleft lip — 26%, 80 children. There were cases of birth with other facial anomalies: facial cleft, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and congenital anomaly of the inner ear, congenital cervical fistula, gemifacial microsomy, Crouzon syndrom and different dysostosises — 7%, 22 children. To identify the part of influence of different socio-biological risk factors we analyzed a number of indicators (according to the results of the survey and some data from children’s development history). The acute infectious diseases which mother got in the first trimester of pregnancy can be counted as risk factors of birth with congenital maxillofacial anomalies. According to our research, 22 of mothers got such diseases.

A study was conducted to identify the frequency of maxillofacial anomalies in three directions in children with special needs in the Moldova Republic. 2157 children with special needs (locomotor, hearing impairment, visual impairment, etc.) 7–15 years old in various boarding schools of Moldova Republic were examined. Sagittal maxillofacial anomalies were associated with hearing impairment in 9.75% of cases, with visual impairment in 14.8% of cases and with locomotor disorders in 18.33% of examined patients. Maxillofacial anomalies both in vertical and transversal directions were more frequent in children with locomotor disorders (in 32.22% and 24.44% of cases). Male patients with special needs and maxillofacial anomalies varied from 58.80% to 63.89% of cases and female patients — from 36.11% to 41.24% of cases. 44.9% of patients included in the study group were over 12 years old. It was found that locomotor disorders, hearing and vision impairment can be considered as dependent predictors and risk factors in children with maxillofacial anomalies. Patients with special needs can carry most mobile or stationary devices, so the use of treatment methods such as space maintenance, recovery of space and serial extraction is welcomed in complex treatment.

The events of temporary disability of patients aged 18–20 with anomalies of tooth eruption treated in dental health centres during the period between 2007 and 2016 were analysed. The structure of anomalies of tooth eruption in adolescent patients resulting in temporary disability was determined. The relation between anomalies of tooth eruption and other factors influencing the duration of temporary disability in patients was defined. The analysis of the data obtained from the research revealed significant differences between the structure of temporary disability events caused by tooth eruption depending on gender, age, season and year of observation.

The high prevalence of periodontal diseases in children leads to the search for agents that have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, wound healing and immunostimulating action. We have developed the use of dental gel containing sangviritrin and oil extract of calendula flowers and yarrow herb in children aged 6 to 15 years in chronic catarrhal gingivitis and chronic periodontitis, in contrast to the comparison drug has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and influence on the microflora of periodontal spaces.

During the period 2016-2017, we conducted an epidemiological and sociological survey of Omsk children, as well as a sociological survey of schoolchildren, parents, teachers and health workers. The epidemiological survey involved children who study in schools with the presence and absence of a dentist. As a result, we have identified the main indicators of dental health of children, as well as estimated the effectiveness of preventive work of school dental service in Omsk.

Regular use of an oral rinse with xylitol reduces the parameters of cariesogenic situation of the oral cavity in children with fixed orthodontic appliances. The use of xylitol with regular use in the form of rinsing is highly effective in the prevention of dental caries.

The article presents the results of the research aimed at studying the impact of using electric toothbrushes with an interactive application on motivation of children and their parents to take everyday care of their dental hygiene. In order to shape the motivation for dental hygiene maintenance, the method of motivational interviewing was applied to children and their parents prior to research. As a result, positive impact of using electric toothbrushes with an interactive application on shaping motivation of children aged 6 to 12 years old for brushing their teeth and maintaining dental hygiene was discovered.

The studies consisted of two parts: experimental and clinical. In the experiment, 36 white rats were modeled with dental caries. 100% of rats developed caries at an intensity of 3.45 ± 0.24. The use of Remineralizing drug Remin for animals against the background of a cariogenic diet made it possible to reduce the development of caries of rats’ teeth by 33%, which proceeded in a lighter form. Clinical studies have established an increase in children’s tooth decay from 2 to 6 years (70-75%). The main risk factors for tooth decay were tooth hypoplasia (30%), unhygienic oral cavity (64%), and a decrease in structural and functional resistance of the enamel. After receiving permission for the clinical use of remineralizing drug «Remin» and obtaining informed consent from the parents, the drug was used for 54 preschool children with the initial forms of caries. It is established that «Remin» improves oral hygiene, increases enamel resistance, and has anti-carious, anti-inflammatory properties, which together explains its effectiveness in caries in the white spot stage.

The main stages of the formation and development of higher dental education in the Saratov region at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries are highlighted. The history of creation of profile departments at the stomatological faculty is presented, their teaching and pedagogical, medical-diagnostic and research activities are shown, as well as cooperation with the clinical departments of the university and work on grants.