Changes in the oral microbiota and its correction in 6- to 12-year-old children undergoing orthodontic treatment with removable appliances

Relevance. The removable orthodontic appliances create favourable conditions in the oral cavity for the multiplication of many microorganisms. Purpose. The study aimed to investigate and correct the changes in the oral microbiota of children aged 6-12 years old undergoing orthodontic treatment with removable appliances.

Material and methods. Sixty-two patients aged 6-12 were examined and treated with removable orthodontic appliances. We comprehensively assessed the oral hygiene at the baseline and followed up after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. The microbiological evaluation of the oral cavity was performed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, according to G.A. Osipov. The children randomly formed two groups: the main group (n = 30) and the comparison group (n = 32). To correct the oral microbiocenosis, in the main group, a mouthwash with an antiseptic 0.01% benzyldimethyl-myristoylamino-propylammonium solution and a supplement containing a strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum, which is a permanent representative of the human microflora, were prescribed.

Results. Four weeks later, the number of children with good and moderate oral hygiene levels significantly decreased in the comparison group, and the number of those with unsatisfactory and poor oral hygiene levels increased. After twelve weeks, there were significant differences in the oral hygiene index values between the main and comparison groups. By the fourth week, endotoxins increased up to 9.9 in the oral cavity in both groups compared with the normal of both groups compared with the normal, the total content of microbial markers rose, the number of S. aureus increased by a factor of 7.6; Candida spp. - by a factor of 7.2; Lactobacillus spp. - 2.6. The deficiency of Bifidobacterium, a permanent representative of the microflora, was 3.9 times. In the main group, the restoration of bifidobacteria balance was associated with Bifidobacterium bifidum intake.

Conclusion. Removable orthodontic appliances worsen the oral microflora. Rinse with an antiseptic 0.01% benzyldimethyl-myristoylamino-propylammonium solution and Bifidobacterium bifidum intake allowed improving the oral microbiocenosis.

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