Study of periodontal pathogens by polymerase chain reaction in children with congenital cleft palate and a postoperative defect

Relevance. Periodontal disease is a multifactorial process, which results from poor oral hygiene, dental plaque, malocclusion and bacterial biofilm formed by pathogens. We previously noted a high prevalence of periodontal diseases in children with congenital cleft palate and residual defects after the cleft palate repair. The study aimed to investigate the pathology components.

Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a periodontal microbial community study in 109 children aged 6-12 years with congenital cleft palate after the repair and residual palate defects and 50 practically healthy children of the same age. The study detected and quantified DNA of periodontal pathogens from periodontal pocket samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with fluorescent hybridization probes.

Results. The prevalence of the detected associations between "red" periodontal complex bacteria was 40% in the group of children with congenital cleft palate and residual palate defects after the repair. Children aged 6-12 years with congenital cleft palate and residual palate defects after the repair exhibited Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis in 51%, 50% and 40% of cases, respectively. There were frequent periodontal pathogen associations of 2 - 3 strains in one patient - in 62% of cases, which correlates with the high prevalence of periodontal diseases in the group of children with congenital cleft palate and residual defects after the repair.

Conclusion. Planning the next stage of reconstructive plastic surgery to treat the residual postoperative palate defect requires the implementation of certain measures into the rehabilitation algorithm aimed at treating periodontal diseases and reducing the adverse effect of periodontal pathogens on the oral mucosa.

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