The relationship of nutritional factors and dental status of adolescents of the Khabarovsk territory

Relevance. The main causes of dental caries and periodontal disease in adolescents are an imbalance of nutrition with a predominance of carbohydrates and insufficient oral hygiene. Deficiency of essential components of nutrition suppresses the immune response of the body, increases the pathogenicity of microorganisms, reducing the resistance of hard tissues of teeth. Aim. It is to study nutrition as a risk factor for dental caries in adolescents. Materials and methods. A clinical examination of 383 schoolchildren of 12 and 15 years old in the Khabarovsk Territory was conducted. The indexes of the decayed, filled and extracted teeth (DFE); of hygiene by Green-Vermillion; PMA (%); presence of dentoalveolar`s abnormalities were determined. Sociological survey of schoolchildren was carried out according to a specially designed questionnaire with the definition of an integrated indicator of sanitary and hygienic knowledge in points from 0 to 1. Results. The prevalence of dental caries is equal among adolescents of the Khabarovsk Territory in 12 years - 90.5±0.73 %, in 15 years - 92.25±0.66 %; the intensity of the lesion is 4.48±0.72 and 5.84±0.56, respectively. Oral hygiene is satisfactory, there is mild catarrhal gingivitis with a high prevalence of dental anomalies -64 - 69%. The data of the sociological survey revealed the average level of knowledge of adolescents in matters of individual oral hygiene: in 12 years - 0.57±0.18 and 0.6±0.20 in 15 years, and a low level of knowledge in matters of proper nutrition 0.44±0.14 for adolescents 12 years and 0.55±0.18 for adolescents 15 years. A direct strong correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.05) between the amount of easily digestible carbohydrates (sugar) and the activity of caries in adolescents was established. Conclusions. 1. The prevalence and intensity of dental caries among adolescents of the Khabarovsk territory is high, a decrease in these indicators with an increase in the concentration of fluoride in water to 0.4 mg/l. 2. The level of oral hygiene in adolescents of both age groups is satisfactory, the prevalence of dental anomalies is high to 69%. 3. An aggravating factor in the development of dental diseases is the presence of somatic pathology.

подростки, кариес, правильное питание, анкетирование, гигиена полости рта, adolescents, caries, proper nutrition, questioning, oral hygiene