Changes of clinical and laboratory oral homeostasis parameters in schoolchildren in the context of testing of a regional-specific model of school dental service in Omsk

Relevance. The problem of dental caries in children remains unsolved. The traditional model of organizing preventive care in the Russian Federation has substantial flaws that do not allow to solve the problem of high dental morbidity rate among children.

Purpose. To evaluate the change of clinical and laboratory parameters of oral homeostasis in children in the context of testing of the regional model of school dental service in Omsk.

Materials and methods. In this work we have studied clinical and laboratory parameters of oral homeostasis in 12-year-old children in the context of testing of the regional model of school dental service. We have analyzed average values of these parameters in the test group (new preventive treatment program participants) and the comparison group (the traditional preventive model in school dental service) 3, 6, and 12 months after the observation, as well as in the control group (children who received no preventive treatment). On the basis of the data obtained, we evaluated the efficacy of our regional model of school dental service in Omsk [6]. The following indices were used for an objective assessment of children’s oral hygiene and periodontal condition: Fedorov-Volodka hygiene index, OHI-S, PMA (Parma), DMFT, CPI (Complex periodontal index), Level of caries intensity, CPITN. The following laboratory parameters were studied: pH, buffer capacity, product of the solubility, surface tension, total calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The statistical processing of the results was done with «Statistica 8.0» with the use of Wilcoxon criteria, Mann-Whitney test, one-way analysis of variance (Friedman's ANOVA), and Kruskal-Wallis’s ANOVA. Pair correlations were determined using Spearman's Rcoefficient of correlation, and multiple correlations were determined using cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling.

Results. The new region-specific model of preventive treatment with participation of a dental hygienist demonstrated significant improvements of the parameters of oral homeostasis, different from analogous parameters in children who followed the traditional model of preventive treatment.

Conclusions. In the course of one year, the regional model of operation for school dental service, developed and tested in the Omsk region, demonstrated positive changes in the dental morbidity rate in 12-year-old children compared to the traditional model of preventive dental treatment. Thus, the solution to high morbidity rate of dental caries and periodontal diseases in children is possible on the condition of priority development of region-specific preventive treatment for the regional dental service. 

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