Scientific rationale for the use of dietary supplements based on Ganoderma luсidum in the comprehensive prevention of dental caries in children

Relevance. Numerous studies on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of decay of temporary teeth objectify the relevance of this problem. Currently used fluoride preparations are very effective, but nonetheless, there is an increase in caries from year to year. Therefore, as an addition to fluorine preparations, the use of dietary supplements based on Ganoderma Lucidum has been proposed.

Purpose. Conduct an open, randomized study of the dietary supplements based on the Ganoderma Lucidum in the comprehensive prevention of dental caries in children.

Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, 78 children aged 3 to 12 years were examined in terms of indicators: estimates of the prevalence of caries (%), the intensity of caries (CSD – carious, sealed, distant and CFS – carious, filled surfaces), the simplified OHI-S index (Green-Wermillion), CPITN, and oral cavity IG according to Kuzmina EM. (2000). All children, depending on the prevalence of caries, were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – the main (41 children, age 6.4 ± 4.8 years) – for complex prevention, fluoride preparations were used with dietary supplements based on Ganoderma Lucidum, group 2 – comparison group (37 children, age 7.3 ± 3.7 years) – fluorine preparations were used for complex prophylaxis.

Results. After 4 months of application of the dietary supplements based on Ganoderma Lucidum, an improvement in oral hygiene was recorded. So, in the main group, IG improved by 57% and amounted to 0.21 ± 0.02, in the comparison group – by 33% and amounted to 0.52 ± 0.03 (p≤0.05). In the comparison group, before the use of fluoride preparations, the% of sanitized was 63%, whereas after the use of fluorine this indicator was 72%. The CSD index before application was 3.32 ± 0.01 and after application was 2.56 ± 0.02. CPITN before use was 1.2 ± 0.04 whereas after use it was 0.76 ± 0.03. OHI-S before application was 40.03% and after application of fluorine it was 21.05%. The increase in caries before the use of fluorine was 0.76 ± 0.04 and after the use of fluorine was 0.33 ± 0.02.

Conclusions. The use of dietary supplements based on Ganoderma Lucidum in combination with fluorine preparations is more appropriate for a comprehensive prevention program than the usual use of fluorine preparations. 

1. Chetan Sharma et at. Bioactive metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum: Factors, mechanism and broad spectrum therapeutic potential. Journal of Herbal Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. hermed.2019.100268.

2. Yu Xu et at. Characterization, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.166.

3. Chihiro Murata et al. Extraction and isolation of ganoderic acid R from Ganoderma lucidum. Tetrahedron Letters. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/309372222_Extraction_and_isolation_ of_ganoderic_acid_S_from_Ganoderma_lucidum.

4. Ф.Т. Махкамова, И.Ш. Ахмедова Клинико-функциональная оценка эффективности лечения хронического катарального гингивита у детей с применением биологически активной добавки на основе Ганодермы Луцидум Медицинский Альманах, №3, 2018. https:// doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2018-3-110-112.

5. F. T. Makhkamova et at. Clinical and diagnostic criteria for the effectiveness of treatment of acute herpetic stomatitis in children using a dental gel based on Ganoderma Lusidum. International Journal of Research. 2019;06;I.04:735742. https://journals.pen2print.org/index.php/ ijr/article/view/18118.

6. Dan Zhou et al. Microcapsulation of Ganoderma Lucidum spores oil: Evaluation of its fatty acids composition and enhancement of oxidative stability. Imdustrial Crops&Products. htpps://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.031

7. P. M. Abilov. Efficienty of individual prophylaxis of Dental Caries using dental gel Ispring based on Ganoderma Lucidum in schoolchildren in Tashkent. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health. 2018;5:1-4. DOI: 10.17303/jdoh.2018.5.304

8. Li-Fang Zhu et al. Development of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder based proteoglycan and its application in hyperglycemic, antitumor and antioxidant function / Process Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019.05.025.

9. Li-Fang Zhu et at. Engineering of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide loaded polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers for biopharmaceutical delivery. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.032.

10. Maria Soledad Vela Gurovic et al. DNA damaging potential of Ganoderma lucidum extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.005.

11. Ping Shao et al. Encapsulation efficiency and controlled release of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide microcapsules by spray drying using different combinations of wall materials. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.153.

12. Qi Luo et al. Dayaolingzhiols A-E, AchE inhibitory meroterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum. Tetrahedron. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2019.04.022.

13. Qiaozhen Kang et al. Comparison on characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum by ultrasound and conventional extraction. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.215.

14. Shengjun Wu et al. Hypolipidaemic and anti-lipidperoxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.082.

15. Shuang-Yang Li et al. Aromatic constituents from Ganoderma lucidum and their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Fitoterapia. https://doi.org./10.1016/j.fitote.2019.01.013.

16. Xiaotong Zeng et al. Effects of deproteinization methods on primary structure and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum. International journal of Biological Macromolecules. https://doi.org/10.1016/j/ijbiomac.2018.12.222.

17. Xu-Cong Lv et al. Polysaccharide peptides from Ganoderma lucidum ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-fed rats. Journal of Functional Foods. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.043.

18. Yaping Liu et al. Hypoglycemic effect of inulin combined with ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in T2DM rats. Journal of Functional Foods. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.036.

19. Yu Xu et al. Characterization, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Ganoderma Lucidum. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.166.