Болезнь Рига-Феде: обзор литературы и описание клинических случаев

Актуальность. Болезнь Рига-Феде (БРФ) – редко встречающаяся патология, развивающаяся вследствие травмы слизистой оболочки нижней поверхности языка острыми краями натальных, неонатальных или прорезывающихся в срок временных зубов, и проявляющаяся в виде эрозии или подъязычного фиброзного образования с эрозированной поверхностью. Цель. Проанализировать данные литературы и представить описание собственных клинических случаев БРФ.

Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск публикаций по теме исследования, представленных в 2001-2023 гг. в основных базах научной литературы (PubMed, E-library, Google Scholar и др.). Проанализированы данные 68 публикаций. Представлено описание собственных трех клинических случаев БРФ у детей в возрасте 5, 6 и 9 месяцев.

Результаты. Анализ данных литературы выявил различные подходы к диагностике и лечению БРФ у детей. Диагностика БРФ должна проводиться по клинической картине, следует исключать дополнительное травмирование детей в виде гистологического исследования и иссечения образования. Главным показанием к удалению зубов (вызвавших развитие БРФ) является их выраженная подвижность, нарушение вскармливания младенцев, наличие у пациентов неврологических заболеваний. При отсутствии подвижности зубов предпочтение следует отдавать консервативным методам лечения. В представленных клинических случаях причиной БРФ были прорезавшиеся временные зубы. В двух случаях лечение заключалось в сглаживании острых краев зубов и реставрации стеклоиономерным цементом. В одном случае у ребенка с неврологическим заболеванием выполнено удаление центральных резцов нижней челюсти. Во всех случаях наблюдалось выздоровление в течение трех-четырех недель.

Заключение. После клинического диагностирования БРФ метод лечения должен выбираться с учетом подвижности зубов и общего здоровья ребенка.

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