Abnormal wear patterns in different types of malocclusions

Relevance. Abnormal tooth wear is a disease characterized by excessive loss of hard tissues of the erupted teeth, unrelated to the physiological process. This disease prevalence appears to have increased in recent decades. The literature often indicates malocclusion as the cause of abnormal tooth wear, though it rarely notes the impact of abnormality type on individual teeth.

Purpose. The study aimed to establish the relationship between the abnormality type and the degree and nature of abnormal tooth wear in children at different stages of dentition development.

Materials and methods. The study analyzed the examination results of 266 patients aged 8 to 18 years without a history of previous orthodontic treatment. The orthodontic diagnosis was made based on the ICD-10. The patients formed the groups according to the stage of dentition development. The tooth wear index (TWI) (only permanent teeth) evaluated the abnormal tooth wear. The maximum TWI score determined the grade of abnormal tooth wear. The study statistically analyzed the data by StatTech v. 2.5.6, compared the data using the Kruskal – Wallis test (ANOVA) and Pearson chi-square, and made post hoc comparisons using Dunn’s test with Holm adjustment. The prognostic model was developed using the linear regression method.

Results. The children and adolescents showed a sufficiently high prevalence of abnormal tooth wear (69.2% had at least one tooth with a tooth wear facet), tooth-wear grade increased with age (correlation coefficient rxy = 0.674, p < 0.001). The risk of abnormal tooth wear in distal and deep occlusion appeared to increase at incisors and canines (p < 0.001), in mesial occlusion - molars and premolars, in open bite – molars (p < 0.001). The combination of distal and deep occlusion led to severe abnormal tooth wear.

Conclusion. The study results showed that wear patterns differ in various types of malocclusions. The received data will help to develop effective measures to prevent abnormal tooth wear.

1. Shellis RP, Addy M. The interactions between attrition, abrasion and erosion in tooth wear. Monogr Oral Sci. 2014;25:32-45. doi: 10.1159/000359936

2. Bartlett DW, Shah P. A critical review of non-carious cervical (wear) lesions and the role of abfraction, erosion, and abrasion. J Dent Res. 2006;85(4):306-312. doi: 10.1177/154405910608500405

3. Loomans B, Opdam N, Attin T, Bartlett D, Edelhoff D, Frankenberger R и др. Severe Tooth Wear: European Consensus Statement European Consensus Statement on Management Guidelines. J Adhes Dent. 2017;19(2):111-119. doi: 10.3290/j.jad.a38102

4. Bartlett D, O'Toole S. Tooth Wear: Best Evidence Consensus Statement. J Prosthodont. 2020;30(S1):20-25 doi: 10.1111/jopr.13312

5. Bartlett D. Etiology and prevention of acid erosion.Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2009;30(9):616-620. Режим доступа: https://www.aegisdentalnetwork.com/cced/2009/12/literature-review-etiology-and-prevention-of-acid-erosion 6. El Aidi H, Bronkhorst EM, Truin GJ. A longitudinal study of tooth erosion in adolescents. J Dent Res. 2008;87(8):731-735. doi: 10.1177/154405910808700813

6. Spijker van't A, Kreulen CM, Creugers NH. Attrition, occlusion, (dys)function, and intervention: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res.2007;18 Suppl 3:117-126. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2007.01458.x

7. Shcherbenko АО. Study of distribution of raised rub of teeth hard tissues among young people. EESJ. 2017;(8-1):40-43 (In Russ.). Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/izuchenie-rasprostraneniya-povyshenoy-stiraemosti-tverdyh-tkaneyzubov-sredi-molodyh-lyudey

8. Gaivoronskiy IV, Dubova MA, Ponomarev AA. Impact of the bite form on the level of hard tooth tissues abrasion. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg university. Medicine. 2007;1:98-101. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vliyanie-formy-prikusa-na-stepen-stiraemosti-tverdyh-tkaney-zubov-1

9. Onopa EN. The extent of dentition deformation in the patients with partial missing of the teeth with different degree of dental erosion. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2012;(4):3. Available from: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=6469

10. Iordanishvili AK, Yankovsky VV, Serikov AA. Agerelated features of aetiology and clinical course of the increased abrasion of hard dental tissues in adults. Kursk scientific and practical bulletin „Man and his health”. 2014;(2):33-40. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vozrastnye-osobennosti-etiologii-i-klinicheskogo-techeniya-povyshennoy-stiraemostii-tvyordyh-tkaney-zubov-u-vzroslogo-cheloveka

11. Agnani S, Bajaj K, Mehta S, Pandey L. Tooth wear patterns in subjects with class II division 1 and class II division 2 malocclusion. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2019;33(4):10. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0227

12. Pintado MR, Anderson GC, DeLong R, Douglas WH. Variation in tooth wear in young adults over a two-year period. J ProsthetDent. 1997;77(3):313–320. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3913(97)70189-6

13. Raj A, Ranjan R, Kumar A, Kumar M, Mala N, Ramesh K. Evaluation of Dental Status in Relation to Excessive Horizontal and Vertical Overlap in North Indian Population. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021;13(Suppl 1):276-279. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_731_20

14. Lazareva OV, Bimbas ES, Brishten VL. Factors of decompensation in orofacial system in adult patients with deep overbite. Actual problems in dentistry. 2018;14(4):87-92. doi: 10.18481/2077-7566-2018-14-4-87-92

15. Oltramari-Navarro PV, Janson G, de Oliveira RB, Quaglio CL, Castanha Henriques JF, de Carvalho SalesPeres SH и др. Tooth-wear patterns in adolescents with normal occlusion and Class II Division 2 malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137(6):730.e1-731. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.01.020

16. Smith BG, Knight JK. An index for measuring the wear of teeth. British Dental Journal. 1984;156:435-438. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4805394

17. Yu T, Tao DY, Lu HX, Zhu JL, Xie CY, Bartlett D и др. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Tooth Wear in Shanghai. Chin J Dent Res. 2021;24(2):95-103. doi: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b1530421