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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detstom</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RPA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3031-2026-991</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detstom-991</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Местное применение фторидов при флюорозе зубов: риск кариеса, эффективность фторсодержащих паст и обоснованность отказа от фтора (нарративный обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Topical fluoride use in dental fluorosis: caries risk, fluoride toothpaste effectiveness, and whether fluoride avoidance is justified: a narrative review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-903X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуленко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гуленко Ольга Владимировна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры хирургической стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии.</p><p>350063, ул. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Gulenko - DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.</p><p>4 Mitrofana Sedina Str., Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.gulenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гуленко О.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гуленко О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gulenko O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/991">https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/991</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Флюороз зубов (ФЗ) – гипоминерализация эмали, вызванная избыточным системным поступлением фтора/фторида (F) в критические периоды амелогенеза. Эндемичен для регионов с высоким F в воде (&gt;1.5 ppm), включая Подмосковье и Мордовию в РФ, но возможен и в неэндемичных зонах (альтернативные источники фторидов). Исторически считалось, что зубы с ФЗ устойчивы к кариесу, однако современные данные опровергают это, указывая на повышенный риск развития кариеса.</p><p>Цель – оценить научную обоснованность ограничения фторсодержащих средств гигиены у пациентов с ФЗ и определить преимущества/риски их местного применения для профилактики кариеса в данной группе.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск в базах PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Springer, Wiley Online Library, ResearchGate, eLIBRARY за 30 лет. Ключевые слова: «флюороз зубов», «кариес зубов», «гипоминерализация», «фторид», «зубная паста», «восприимчивость к кариесу», «дефекты эмали», «буферная емкость слюны», «пищевые привычки»». Из 265 выявленных статей отобрано 26 релевантных исследований для полнотекстового анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Пациенты с флюорозом имеют высокий риск развития и быстрого прогрессирования кариеса зубов вследствие изменения структуры эмали, снижения минерализации и повышенной хрупкости эмали. Распространенность кариеса увеличивается с тяжестью флюороза, независимо от концентрации фтора в питьевой воде. Местное применение фторидов у детей и взрослых с флюорозом необходимо для компенсации повышенного риска кариеса. Местные фториды не усугубляют флюороз и являются основой защиты таких зубов после прорезывания.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ограничение местных фторидов при ФЗ не имеет убедительного научного обоснования и может снижать уровень защиты зубов от кариеса. Рекомендации избегать фторсодержащих паст во многом связаны с отождествлением системного патогенеза ФЗ и местного действия фтора, а также опираются на устаревшие представления.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Dental fluorosis (DF) is an enamel hypomineralization caused by excessive systemic fluoride intake during critical periods of amelogenesis. It is endemic in regions with high fluoride levels in drinking water (&gt;1.5 ppm), including the Moscow Region and the Republic of Mordovia in the Russian Federation, but may also occur in non-endemic areas because of alternative sources of fluoride exposure. Historically, teeth affected by dental fluorosis were considered resistant to dental caries; however, current evidence refutes this view and indicates an increased caries risk.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To assess whether restricting fluoride-containing oral hygiene products in patients with dental fluorosis is scientifically justified and to evaluate the benefits and risks of their use for caries prevention in this population.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A literature search covering the past 30 years was performed across PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Springer, Wiley Online Library, ResearchGate, and eLIBRARY using the following search terms: dental fluorosis, dental caries, hypomineralization, fluoride, toothpaste, caries susceptibility, enamel defects, salivary buffering capacity, and dietary habits. Of the 265 identified articles, 26 relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Patients with dental fluorosis are at increased risk of dental caries and rapid lesion progression because of altered enamel structure, reduced mineralization, and increased enamel fragility. Caries prevalence increases with fluorosis severity regardless of fluoride concentration in drinking water. Topical fluoride use in children and adults with dental fluorosis is important for counteracting this increased caries risk. Topical fluorides do not worsen fluorosis and remain the main preventive measure for affected teeth after eruption.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Restricting topical fluoride use in dental fluorosis is not supported by convincing scientific evidence and may reduce protection against dental caries. Recommendations to avoid fluoride-containing toothpastes appear to stem largely from conflating the systemic pathogenesis of dental fluorosis with the topical effects of fluoride, as well as from outdated concepts.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>флюороз зубов</kwd><kwd>деминерализация</kwd><kwd>кариес зубов</kwd><kwd>фторид</kwd><kwd>зубная паста</kwd><kwd>гипоминерализация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dental fluorosis</kwd><kwd>dental caries</kwd><kwd>fluoride</kwd><kwd>toothpaste</kwd><kwd>enamel hypomineralization</kwd><kwd>demineralization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bårdsen A, Bjorvatn K. Risk periods in the development of dental fluorosis. Clin Oral Investig. 1998;2(4):155-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007840050063</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bårdsen A, Bjorvatn K. 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