detstomСтоматология детского возраста и профилактикаPediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis1683-30311726-7218RPA10.33925/1683-3031-2025-979detstom-979Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯORIGINAL ARTICLEКлиническая характеристика и анализ результатов хирургического лечения врожденных преаурикулярных свищей у детейClinical features and surgical outcomes of congenital preauricular sinuses in childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-6106ФоменкоИ. В.FomenkoI. V.

Фоменко Ирина Валерьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой стоматологии детского возраста

400066, площадь Павших Борцов, д. 1, г. Волгоград

Irina V. Fomenko, DDS, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry

1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, 400131

fomenira@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-7656-2366ДолговаИ. В.DolgovaI. V.

Долгова Инна Васильевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры стоматологии детского возраста

Волгоград

Inna V. Dolgova, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of the Pediatric Dentistry

Volgograd

id-vortex@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2837-9722ШишкинаВ. И.ShishkinaV. I.

Шишкина Вера Ивановна, ассистент кафедры стоматологии детского возраста

Волгоград

Vera I. Shishkina, DMD, Assistant Professor, Department of the Pediatric Dentistry

Volgograd

verivna21@mail.ruКасаткинаА. Л.KasatkinaA. L.

Касаткина Анжелла Левоновна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры стоматологии детского возраста

Волгоград

Angella L. Kasatkina, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of the Pediatric Dentistry

Volgograd

anjella-volgograd@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-9714МаслакЕ. Е.MaslakE. E.

Маслак Елена Ефимовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры стоматологии детского возраста

Волгоград

Elena E. Maslak, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of the Pediatric Dentistry

Volgograd

eemaslak@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-8773-1217КроманЮ. О.KromanYu. O.

Кроман Юлиан Олегович, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры хирургической стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии

Волгоград

Yulian O. Kroman, DMD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery

Volgograd

gateofaden@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-4791-2225БужбановаА. Н.BuzhbanovaA. N.

Бужбанова Алина Нурсултановна, студентка 5 курса стоматологического факультета

Волгоград

Alina N. Buzhbanova, 5th year student, Dental Faculty

Volgograd

alinabuzhbanova@gmail.comВолгоградский государственный медицинский университетРоссияVolgograd State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202519022026254365372Copyright © Фоменко И.В., Долгова И.В., Шишкина В.И., Касаткина А.Л., Маслак Е.Е., Кроман Ю.О., Бужбанова А.Н., 20262026Фоменко И.В., Долгова И.В., Шишкина В.И., Касаткина А.Л., Маслак Е.Е., Кроман Ю.О., Бужбанова А.Н.Fomenko I.V., Dolgova I.V., Shishkina V.I., Kasatkina A.L., Maslak E.E., Kroman Y.O., Buzhbanova A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/979Актуальность

Актуальность. Врожденные преаурикулярные свищи (ВПС) составляют 5% от общего числа врожденной патологии челюстно-лицевой области. Исследователями отмечена проблема несвоевременной диагностики и случаи рецидива после хирургического вмешательства ВПС.

Цель

Цель. Изучить клинические проявления и результаты оперативного вмешательства детей по поводу преаурикулярных свищей. Материалы и методы. Изучены клинические случаи госпитализации детей с ВПС в отделение челюстно-лицевой хирургии ГУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №1» г. Волгограда в период с 2019 по 2025 гг.

Результаты

Результаты. Установлено, что среди 149 пациентов, госпитализированных по поводу ВПС, было 12,7% детей. В 94,7% случаев отмечалось односторонняя локализация устья свищевого хода вблизи верхнего полюса завитка, в отдельных случаях выявляли нетипичную локализацию, наличие двух устьев свищевого хода или двустороннее расположение ВПС в типичном месте. 73,7% детей обращались по поводу воспалительного процесса в области ВПС, 26,3% – с целью планового оперативного устранения ВПС. Предварительное ультразвуковое обследование и интраоперационное введение красителя улучшало визуализацию свищевого хода.

Заключение

Заключение. Для детей с ВПС типично обращение за медицинской помощью только при развитии воспалительного процесса. При обследовании детей следует принимать во внимание возможную нетипичную локализацию ВПС, которая может обуславливать технические сложности оперативного лечения.

Relevance

Relevance. Congenital preauricular sinuses (PAS) account for approximately 5% of all congenital anomalies of the maxillofacial region. Previous studies have reported delayed diagnosis and postoperative recurrence following surgical treatment of preauricular sinuses.

Objective

Objective. To investigate the clinical presentation and surgical outcomes in children treated for congenital preauricular sinuses.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A retrospective review was conducted of pediatric patients admitted for congenital preauricular sinuses to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at City Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Volgograd, Russian Federation) between 2019 and 2025.

Results

Results. Among 149 patients hospitalized for congenital preauricular sinuses, children accounted for 12.7% of cases. In 94.7% of patients, a unilateral sinus tract opening was observed near the superior pole of the helix. In some cases, atypical anatomical variants were identified, including atypical location, the presence of two sinus tract openings, or bilateral preauricular sinuses located at the typical anatomical site. Most children (73.7%) presented with inflammatory changes, whereas 26.3% were admitted for elective surgical treatment. Preoperative ultrasonography combined with intraoperative dye injection significantly improved visualization of the sinus tract.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Children with congenital preauricular sinuses typically seek medical care only after the development of inflammatory complications. During clinical assessment, possible atypical location of the sinus tract should be considered, as this may result in technical difficulties during surgical treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.