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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detstom</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RPA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3031-2025-973</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detstom-973</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Принципы построения классификаций орофациальных расщелин. История и современность</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Principles of orofacial cleft classification: historical perspectives and contemporary concepts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1209-3418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муратов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mouratov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муратов Игорь Васильевич, ассистент кафедры челюстно-лицевой хирургии и хирургической стоматологии имени А. А. Лимберга; старший преподаватель кафедры хирургической стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии; врач челюстно-лицевой хирург</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Mouratov, DDS, Assistant Professor, Department of the Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery; Senior Lecturer, Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Doctor of Maxillofacial Surgery, Maxillofacial Surgeon</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mouratov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-2179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдатова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солдатова Людмила Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры стоматологии детского возраста и ортодонтии; старший преподаватель кафедры челюстно-лицевой хирургии и хирургической стоматологии </p><p>197022 ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila N. Soldatova, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Senior Lecturer, Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</p><p>L. Tolstoy St., 6-8, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">slnzub@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2246-2722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобзева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobzeva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кобзева Светлана Алексеевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры ортопедической стоматологии; главный врач</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Kobzeva, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of the Prosthodontics; Chief Medical Officer</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kobzeva68@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова; Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт; Детская городская клиническая больница №5 имени Н. Ф. Филатова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov; Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute; Filatov Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 5; Saint Petersburg State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова; Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт; Учебно-стоматологический центр «Адептика»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute; Adeptika Dental Training Centre<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>305</fpage><lpage>314</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Муратов И.В., Солдатова Л.Н., Кобзева С.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Муратов И.В., Солдатова Л.Н., Кобзева С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mouratov I.V., Soldatova L.N., Kobzeva S.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/973">https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/973</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Анализ доступных источников литературы показал актуальность проблемы классифицирования орофациальных расщелин. В настоящее время отсутствует единая универсальная классификация орофациальных расщелин. Кроме того, отсутствуют и единые критерии для ее построения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести ретроспективный анализ классификаций орофациальных расщелин и представить собственную дополненную классификацию орофациальных расщелин.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Данные отечественных и зарубежных источников литературы за период с 1976 по 2023 год, полученные с использованием расширенных возможностей различных баз данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В работе на основе данных источников литературы описаны принципы и методики построения классификаций орофациальных расщелин как в историческом аспекте, так и с учетом современных взглядов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В настоящее время ресурсы построения классификаций расщелин на анатомических, морфологических, клинических и даже эмбриологических принципах исчерпаны, поэтому классификации, построенные по этиопатогенетическому принципу, должны стать наиболее действенным инструментом в изучении, профилактике и лечении этой врожденной патологии. Представлена собственная классификация орофациальных расщелин.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The available literature confirms that classification of orofacial clefts remains a pressing issue: there is no universally accepted system and no common criteria for constructing one.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To review the evolution of orofacial cleft classification systems and propose an expanded framework.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We reviewed Russian and international sources (1976–2023), retrieved via extended search capabilities across multiple bibliographic databases.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The article describes the principles and approaches used to construct classifications of orofacial clefts, tracing their historical development and current concepts.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Classifications based on anatomical, morphological, clinical, and embryologic principles have largely been exhausted. Accordingly, etiopathogenesis-based classifications should serve as the most effective tool for understanding, prevention, and treatment of this congenital craniofacial anomaly. The authors present an etiopathogenetic classification of orofacial clefts.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>орофациальные расщелины</kwd><kwd>расщелины губы и нёба</kwd><kwd>врожденные аномалии челюстно-лицевой области</kwd><kwd>история</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>orofacial clefts</kwd><kwd>cleft lip and palate</kwd><kwd>congenital craniofacial anomalies</kwd><kwd>history</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The authors declare that there was no external funding for the study.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арутюнов СД, Южаков АА, Харах ЯН, Безукладников ИИ, Асташина НБ, Байдаров АА. 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