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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detstom</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RPA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3031-2025-947</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detstom-947</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интоксикация персонала закисью азота во время проведения стоматологической седации: невидимая проблема с большими последствиями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nitrous oxide exposure in dental personnel during sedation: an underrecognized problem with serious consequences</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-903X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуленко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гуленко Ольга Владимировна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры хирургической стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии</p><p>350063, ул. Митрофана Седина, д.4, г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Gulenko, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</p><p>4 Mitrofana Sedina Str., Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.gulenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>336</fpage><lpage>344</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гуленко О.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гуленко О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gulenko O.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/947">https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/947</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Закись азотно-кислородная седация (ЗАКС) широко применяется в России с начала 2000-х годов. Она признана эффективным методом управления поведением некооперативных пациентов. Вместе с тем, несмотря на преобладание позитивных оценок ее безопасности и эффективности, существует недостаток исследований негативных последствий и рисков, связанных с использованием закиси азота (N2O) как для пациентов, так и для медицинского персонала. Цель. Структурировать информацию, которая позволит стоматологам, работающим с ЗАКС, минимизировать ее потенциальную токсичность для всего контактирующего персонала. Материалы и методы. Для обзора были проанализированы публикации из международных и российских баз данных за последние 30 лет по ключевым терминам, связанным с воздействием закиси азота на стоматологический персонал. Первоначальный отбор включал изучение названий и аннотаций, после которого оставшиеся статьи изучались в полном объеме текста. Всего из 145 найденных источников выбраны 33 наиболее значимые исследования. Результаты. N2O, применяемая в стоматологии более 150 лет, обладает значительной токсичностью, ставящей под сомнение ее безопасность. Основной механизм вреда – необратимое окисление витамина B12, что нарушает ключевые процессы: синтез ДНК, миелина, метаболизм гомоцистеина и фолиевой кислоты. Группы максимального риска: стоматологический персонал (хроническое воздействие), люди с дефицитом B12/фолатов, врожденной мутацией гена MTHFR, хроническими заболеваниями (аутоиммунные, диабет), беременные женщины и др. Острые последствия для персонала: головокружение, тошнота, снижение когнитивных и моторных функций. Хронические последствия для персонала: неврологические (парестезии, атаксия, демиелинизация периферических нервов), гематологические (анемия, лейкопения), сердечно-сосудистые (тромбоэмболии, гипертензия), репродуктивные (снижение фертильности, риски при беременности), иммунные. Несмотря на меры контроля (вентиляция, мониторинг N₂O, респираторы), риск сохраняется из-за негерметичности систем и низкой осведомленности. Критически важно регулярное обследование персонала (два раза в год), включая тесты на гомоцистеин и метилмалоновую кислоту, общий анализ крови, неврологические обследования при симптомах. Необходимо информировать врачей о профессиональных рисках N₂O. Заключение. Корректное применение ЗАКС минимизирует риски. Владение стоматологом всеми методиками управления поведением, местного обезболивания и личная ответственность за соблюдение правил – ключ к безопасности персонала.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation has been widely used in Russia since the early 2000s. It is widely regarded as an effective method for managing the behavior of uncooperative patients. However, despite generally positive assessments of its safety and efficacy, there remains a lack of research into the potential negative consequences and risks associated with its use, both for patients and healthcare personnel. Objective. To provide structured information that will help dentists working with nitrous oxide sedation minimize its potential toxicity for all personnel involved. Materials and methods. Publications from both international and Russian databases over the past 30 years were reviewed for key terms related to the effects of nitrous oxide on dental personnel. The initial selection process involved screening titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text review of the remaining articles. From the 145 sources identified, 33 of the most relevant studies were selected. Results. Nitrous oxide has been used in dentistry for over 150 years, but its significant toxicity raises concerns about its safety. The primary harmful mechanism is the irreversible oxidation of vitamin B12, which disrupts essential processes such as DNA synthesis, myelin formation, homocysteine metabolism, and folic acid metabolism. High-risk groups include dental personnel (due to chronic exposure), individuals with B12/ folate deficiency, those with congenital MTHFR gene mutations, people with chronic diseases (such as autoimmune disorders and diabetes), pregnant women, and others. Acute effects for dental personnel include dizziness, nausea, and impaired cognitive and motor functions. Chronic effects can be neurological (paresthesia, ataxia, demyelination of peripheral nerves), hematological (anemia, leukopenia), cardiovascular (thromboembolism, hypertension), reproductive (reduced fertility, pregnancy complications), and immune-related. Despite control measures such as ventilation, nitrous oxide monitoring, and respirators, the risk remains due to system leaks and insufficient awareness. Regular check-ups for personnel, twice a year, are critical are critical, including tests for homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, complete blood count, and neurological evaluations when symptoms arise. Dentists must be informed about the occupational risks of nitrous oxide. Conclusion. Proper use of nitrous oxide sedation minimizes these risks. Dentists' proficiency in behavior management techniques, local anesthesia, and personal responsibility for following safety protocols are crucial for ensuring the safety of dental personnel.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>закись азота</kwd><kwd>профессиональное воздействие</kwd><kwd>стоматологический персонал</kwd><kwd>биологические эффекты закиси азота</kwd><kwd>воздействие на здоровье</kwd><kwd>дефицит витамина В12</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nitrous oxide</kwd><kwd>occupational exposure</kwd><kwd>dental personnel</kwd><kwd>biological effects of nitrous oxide</kwd><kwd>health impact</kwd><kwd>vitamin B12 deficiency</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бигаева УС, Будайчиев МГ, Будайчиев ГМА. Седативные методы лечения в детской стоматологии (обзор литературы). Вестник новых медицинских технологий. 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