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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detstom</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RPA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3031-2025-942</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detstom-942</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профилактика стоматологических проблем у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра: миссия выполнима?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Preventing Oral Health Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Feasible Mission?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4213-9012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вадиян</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vadiyan</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадиян Диана Егишевна, врач стоматолог, соискатель кафедры детской, профилактической стоматологии и ортодонтии</p><p>119048, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana E. Vadiyan, DDS, PhD applicant, Department of the Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics</p><p>8 Trubetskaya Str., bldg 2, Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ashdin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-2961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адмакин</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Admakin</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адмакин Олег Иванович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по учебной работе Научно-образовательного института стоматологии имени А. И. Евдокимова, профессор кафедры пропедевтики терапевтической стоматологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg I. Admakin, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Deputy Director for Academic Affairs of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Dentistry named after A. I. Evdokimov</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Admakin1966@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-9092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачатрян</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachatryan</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хачатрян Лусине Грачиковна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры детских болезней</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lusine G. Khachatryan, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of the Pediatrics</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Khachatryan_l_g_@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-1103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каминская</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaminskaya</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каминская Татьяна Святославовна, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник научно-практического центра специализированной медицинской помощи детям имени В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana S. Kaminskaya, MD, PhD, Research Associate</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaminskayats@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6453-1615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозова Наталья Сергеевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры ортопедической</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia S. Morozova, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of the Prosthodontics</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Morozova_n_s@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6305-3121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюрина Елена Николаевна, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры детских болезней</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Tyurina, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of the Pediatrics</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turina_e_n_@staff.secenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1928-9591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ареян</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Areyan</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ареян Тигран Егишевич, студент 2 курса</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tigran E. Areian, Student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">me@areian.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям имени В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center for Specialized Medical Care for Children</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>257</fpage><lpage>269</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вадиян Д.Е., Адмакин О.И., Хачатрян Л.Г., Каминская Т.С., Морозова Н.С., Тюрина Е.Н., Ареян Т.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вадиян Д.Е., Адмакин О.И., Хачатрян Л.Г., Каминская Т.С., Морозова Н.С., Тюрина Е.Н., Ареян Т.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vadiyan D.E., Admakin O.I., Khachatryan L.G., Kaminskaya T.S., Morozova N.S., Tyurina E.N., Areyan T.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/942">https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/942</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. У детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС) часто выявляются выраженные нарушения гигиены полости рта и микробиоты, что связано с особенностями поведения, сенсорной гиперчувствительностью и нарушением пищевого поведения. Эффективные, неинвазивные методы профилактики стоматологических заболеваний у данной группы пациентов остаются слабо изученными. Оценка клинической эффективности доступных профилактических средств, включая пенку, обогащенную кальцием, и пероральный пробиотик Streptococcus salivarius K12, представляет собой актуальное направление научных исследований в области детской стоматологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное контролируемое исследование с участием 122 детей с РАС в возрасте от 3 до 9 лет, которые получали различную стоматологическую профилактику с использованием пенки с кальцием и препарата, содержащего Streptococcus salivarius, штамм K12 в течение 30 дней. Контрольную группу составили 54 ребенка с типичным развитием. У всех детей, включенных в исследование, оценивали стоматологический статус с показателями индексов гигиены и проводили оценку микробиоты слюны и кишечника методом газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Результаты комплексного стоматологического обследования продемонстрировали более низкий уровень гигиены и большую распространенность кариеса у детей с РАС по сравнению с нейротипичными детьми. По данным проведенной газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии подтверждено наличие выраженного дисбиоза у детей с РАС как в полости рта, так и в кишечнике. При этом отмечена перекрестная корреляция по патогенным штаммам (S. aureus, H. pylori). На фоне применения пенки с кальцием для полости рта и пробиотика Streptococcus salivarius K12 отмечено достоверное снижение значений индексов гигиены у детей как младшей, так и старшей возрастной группы. Через 1 месяц после начала применения профилактических средств было выявлено снижение количества пациентов с РАС с высоким содержанием в полости рта и в кишечнике S. mutans, S. aureus и ряда других патогенных микроорганизмов. Достоверной разницы в положительной динамике между различными типами профилактики получено не было во всех возрастных группах. Оба препарата показали хорошую эффективность.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Профилактическое применение пенки с кальцием и пробиотика для полости рта Streptococcus salivarius K12 способствует улучшению показателей индекса налета и нормализует микробиоту, что позволяет рекомендовать их для использования в домашних условиях как часть комплексного стоматологического сопровождения детей с РАС.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit poorer oral hygiene and altered oral and gut microbiota, influenced by behavioral features, sensory hypersensitivity, and feeding difficulties. Evidence for non-invasive, home-based caries-prevention strategies in this population remains limited. The evaluation of the clinical efficacy of available preventive agents, including calcium-enriched oral foam and the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12, is considered a relevant topic of investigation in pediatric dentistry.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In this prospective controlled study, 122 children with ASD aged 3–9 years received 30-day preventive regimens including a calcium-enriched oral foam (Group 1) or S. salivarius K12 (Group 2). A control group comprised 54 neurotypical children. Oral health status was assessed using the Fedorov–Volodkina Hygiene Index; the presence and severity of black stain plaque (extrinsic discoloration) were recorded clinically; caries experience was quantified as the combined dmft + DMFT score. Oral and fecal microbiota were profiled by GC–MS.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. At baseline, children with ASD had significantly poorer oral hygiene and higher caries prevalence than neurotypical controls. GC–MS profiling indicated pronounced dysbiosis in both oral and intestinal samples in the ASD cohort, with correlations across sites for pathogenic taxa (e.g., Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori). A statistically significant decrease in oral hygiene index scores was observed in both younger and older age groups following the use of calcium-enriched oral foam and the Streptococcus salivarius K12 probiotic. After 30 days of preventive use, the proportion of children with elevated levels of S. mutans, S. aureus, and other pathogenic microorganisms decreased in oral and gut samples. No statistically significant between-regimen differences in improvement were observed across age groups. Both interventions demonstrated comparable efficacy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Calcium-enriched oral foam and S. salivarius K12, used as home-based adjuncts, improved plaque-related indices and favorably modulated microbiota profiles in children with ASD. These non-invasive measures may be recommended as part of comprehensive dental care for this population.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>профилактика кариеса</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autism spectrum disorder (ASD)</kwd><kwd>pediatric dentistry</kwd><kwd>dental caries</kwd><kwd>oral hygiene</kwd><kwd>plaque index</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare that there was no external funding for the study.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касанаве ЕВ, Хачатрян ДГ, Каминская ТС, Геппе НА, Вадиян ДЕ, Манукян МС. 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