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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detstom</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RPA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3031-2025-902</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detstom-902</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Критический анализ современного состояния методов комплексной реабилитации детей с односторонней гипоплазией и/или аплазией ветвей нижней челюсти при первично-костных заболеваниях височно-нижнечелюстного сустава. Часть I. Хирургический метод лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Systematic review of current approaches to comprehensive management of children with unilateral mandibular ramus hypoplasia or aplasia in congenital osseous disorders of the temporomandibular joint. Part I: Surgical management</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1650-5316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепик</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepik</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чепик Екатерина Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры ортодонтии</p><p>127006, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Chepik, DMD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of the Orhtodontics</p><p>4 Dolgorukovskaya Str., Moscow, 127006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">che.katya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3896-3756</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топольницкий</surname><given-names>О. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Topolnitsky</surname><given-names>O. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Топольницкий Орест Зиновьевич, заслуженный врач РФ, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой детской челюстно-лицевой хирургии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orest Z. Topolnitsky, DDS, PhD, DSc, Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation Head of the Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">proftopol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-1338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толстунов</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolstunov</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Толстунов Леонид Григорьевич, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры стоматологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid G. Tolstunov, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of the Dentistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leonid.tolstunov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Medical University “Reaviz”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>373</fpage><lpage>383</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чепик Е.А., Топольницкий О.З., Толстунов Л.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чепик Е.А., Топольницкий О.З., Толстунов Л.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chepik E.A., Topolnitsky O.Z., Tolstunov L.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/902">https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/902</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Первично-костные заболевания височно-нижнечелюстного сустава (ВНЧС) у детей, приводящие к односторонней гипоплазии и/или аплазии ветви нижней челюсти, являются детерминирующим фактором формирования морфофункционального дисбаланса челюстно-лицевой области. Наличие анатомического дефекта ветви нижней челюсти в виде ее гипоплазии и/или аплазии является прямым показанием к хирургическому методу лечения. Согласно установленному регламенту комплексной реабилитации данной категории пациентов, первым этапом является формирование «дистальной опоры» при применении метода компрессионно-дистракционного остеогенеза (КДО) или эндопротезирования пораженной ветви нижней челюсти.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Обобщение информации о классификации и патогенезе первично-костных заболеваний ВНЧС. Анализ результатов существующих методов хирургического лечения у детей и подростков с данном видом патологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обзор литературы был составлен в соответствии с критериями PRISMA для систематических обзоров и мета-анализов. Поиск исследований осуществлялся в базах PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, eLibrary по ключевым словам: «первично-костные заболевания ВНЧС», «синдром микросомии», «хирургическое лечение детей», «КДО» объединенным при поиске логистическим оператором AND, на английском и на русском языках. Проводился анализ оригинальных публикаций авторов классификаций первично-костных поражений ВНЧС. Всего нами было обнаружено 2000 научных публикаций. В соответствии с критериями включения в итоговый обзор было включено 30 исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Как показывают исследования коллег и наши собственные наблюдения, хирургическое лечение, восстанавливающее анатомическую архитектонику пораженной ветви у детей, из-за продолжающегося роста и развития не формирует долгосрочный морфофункциональный баланс зубочелюстной системы. Поэтому для обеспечения морфофункциональной стабильности челюстно-лицевой области у данной категории пациентов необходимо несколько повторных оперативных вмешательств, в результате которых рубцовые изменения мягких тканей при нарастающей редукции челюстей способствуют снижению компенсаторно-адаптационных возможностей зубочелюстной системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ результатов хирургического этапа и критический подход к оценке современного состояния методов комплексной реабилитации детей с односторонней гипоплазией и/или аплазией ветвей нижней челюсти при первично-костных заболеваниях височно-нижнечелюстного сустава необходимы для дальнейшего изучения и расширения возможностей комплексной реабилитации таких пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Congenital osseous disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in children, leading to unilateral hypoplasia and/or aplasia of the mandibular ramus, play a decisive role in the development of skeletal and functional imbalance of the craniofacial complex. Such defects represent a clear indication for surgical intervention. In accordance with established protocols for comprehensive management, the initial stage involves creating a posterior mandibular support, achieved either through distraction osteogenesis (DO) or endoprosthetic replacement of the affected ramus. Objective. To summarize current knowledge on the classification and pathogenesis of congenital osseous TMJ disorders and to evaluate the outcomes of existing surgical treatment methods in children and adolescents with this condition.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Searches were performed in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and eLibrary using the keywords “congenital osseous TMJ disorders,” “hemifacial microsomia (HFM),” “surgical treatment in children,” and “distraction osteogenesis (DO),” combined with the Boolean operator AND, in both English and Russian. Original publications proposing classifications of congenital osseous TMJ disorders were also reviewed. Of the 2000 scientific publications identified, 30 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Both published data and our own clinical observations show that surgical reconstruction of the mandibular ramus in children, while restoring its anatomical structure, does not establish long-term skeletal and functional balance of the dentofacial system due to ongoing growth and development. Consequently, multiple staged surgical procedures are required to maintain craniofacial stability. Yet, the cumulative effect of repeated operations includes progressive scar formation in the soft tissues and worsening mandibular deficiency, which together reduce the adaptive and compensatory capacity of the dentofacial system.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A critical evaluation of surgical outcomes and of the current state of comprehensive management for children with unilateral mandibular ramus hypoplasia or aplasia in congenital osseous TMJ disorders is essential for advancing research and expanding the potential of multidisciplinary rehabilitation for this patient population.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первично-костные заболевания ВНЧС</kwd><kwd>гипоплазия и аплазия ветви нижней челюсти</kwd><kwd>дистальная опора</kwd><kwd>КДО</kwd><kwd>эндопротезирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital osseous TMJ disorders</kwd><kwd>mandibular ramus hypoplasia or aplasia</kwd><kwd>posterior mandibular support</kwd><kwd>DO</kwd><kwd>endoprosthetic replacement</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогинский ВВ, Арсенина ОИ, Овчинникова ИА, Седых АА. 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