<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detstom</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RPA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3031-2025-896</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detstom-896</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка состояния тканей полости рта и некоторых параметров смешанной слюны у детей с гипофосфатемическим рахитом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of oral tissue status and selected parameters of mixed saliva in children with hypophosphatemic rickets</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-3046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Ирина Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры детской стоматологии</p><p>127006, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Alekseeva, DMD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of the Pediatric Dentistry</p><p>Dolgorukovskaya St., 4, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeeva.penza@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2095-9473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кисельникова</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselnikova</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кисельникова Лариса Петровна, заслуженный врач РФ, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой детской стоматологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa P. Kiselnikova, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lpkiselnikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6788-4945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Островская</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostrovskaya</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Островская Ирина Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры биологической химии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Ostrovskaya, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of the Biochemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostvavir@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>129</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева И.А., Кисельникова Л.П., Островская И.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева И.А., Кисельникова Л.П., Островская И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva I.A., Kiselnikova L.P., Ostrovskaya I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/896">https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/896</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Генетически обусловленные метаболические нарушения и гипоминерализация тканей зубов и пародонта могут быть факторами риска возникновения воспалительных и деструктивных процессов в полости рта у детей с гипофосфатемическим рахитом (ГФР).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы 46 детей 6–17 лет, среди них – 29 с ГФР и 17 практически здоровых детей. Уровень гигиены рта обследованных оценивался по индексам (ИГ) Федорова – Володкиной и (OHI-S) Грина – Вермиллиона. Интенсивность кариеса и его осложнений во временных и постоянных зубах рассчитывали по индексам кпу/КПУ и pufa/PUFA, соответственно. Состояние тканей пародонта оценивалось по индексу – PMA, кровоточивость десневой борозды по индексу SBI. В образцах смешанной слюны определялись уровни: моноцитарного хемоаттрактантного белка-1 (МРС-1), фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF), прокальцитонина ПКТ и D-димера методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) с использованием наборов реагентов «Вектор Бест» (Россия).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Обследованные дети с ГФР имели неудовлетворительный уровень гигиены рта и воспаление средней тяжести тканей пародонта; значение индекса pufa/PUFA в 7,6 раза превышало аналогичный параметр у здоровых детей. Клинические результаты сопровождались существенными отличиями в изучаемых биохимических показателях смешанной слюны: МРС-1, VEGF, ПКТ и D-димера. Установленная положительная корреляция между содержанием MCP-1 и ПКТ, а также MCP-1 и VEGF (r = 0,49; r = 0,59, соответственно, р &lt; 0,05) может указывать на прогностическую роль данных биохимических показателей в развитии воспалительных и деструктивных процессов в ротовой полости у детей с ГФР.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В группе детей с ГФР установлено наличие воспалительных процессов в тканях периодонта. Определение в смешанной слюне уровней MCP-1, VEGF, D-димера выявляет их диагностическое значение как индикаторов активности воспаления в полости рта у детей с ГФР.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Genetically determined metabolic disorders and the resulting hypomineralization of dental and periodontal tissues may increase the risk of inflammation and structural damage in the oral tissues of children with hypophosphatemic rickets (HR).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study involved 46 children aged 6–17 years, including 29 diagnosed with hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) and 17 practically healthy controls. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Fedorov–Volodkina Hygiene Index and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) by Green and Vermillion. The severity of dental caries and its complications in primary and permanent teeth was evaluated using the dft/DMFT and pufa/PUFA indices, respectively. Periodontal status was assessed using the PMA index, while gingival sulcus bleeding was evaluated using the Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI). Levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimer in mixed saliva were measured using solid-phase enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Vector-Best, Russia).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Children with HR exhibited unsatisfactory oral hygiene and moderate periodontal inflammation. The pufa/ PUFA index was 7.6 times higher in this group compared to healthy controls. These clinical findings were accompanied by significant differences in salivary biochemical parameters, including elevated levels of MCP-1, VEGF, PCT, and D-dimer. A positive correlation was observed between MCP-1 and PCT, as well as between MCP-1 and VEGF (r = 0.49 and r = 0.59, respectively; p &lt; 0.05), suggesting a potential prognostic role of these biomarkers in the development of oral inflammation in children with HR.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Children with hypophosphatemic rickets showed clear signs of periodontal inflammation. The detection of MCP-1, VEGF, and D-dimer in mixed saliva highlights their diagnostic potential as markers of inflammatory activity in the oral cavity in this patient population.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети с гипофосфатемическим рахитом</kwd><kwd>стоматологический статус</kwd><kwd>смешанная слюна</kwd><kwd>медиаторы воспаления</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>факторы роста</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypophosphatemic rickets</kwd><kwd>pediatric patients</kwd><kwd>oral health status</kwd><kwd>mixed saliva</kwd><kwd>inflammatory biomarkers</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>vascular endothelial growth factor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee JY, Imel EA. The changing face of hypophosphatemic disorders in the FGF-23 era. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2013;10Suppl2(02):367-379. Режим доступа: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23858620/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee JY, Imel EA. The changing face of hypophosphatemic disorders in the FGF-23 era. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2013;10;Suppl2(02):367-379. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23858620/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clarke BL. Phosphorus disorders: hypophosphatemic rickets In: Camacho P, edotor. Metabolic Bone Diseases. Springer, Cham. 2019:83–98. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-03694-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clarke BL. Phosphorus disorders: hypophosphatemic rickets In: Camacho P, edotor. Metabolic Bone Diseases. Springer, Cham. 2019:83–98. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-03694-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куликова КС, Колодкина АА, Васильев ЕВ, Петров ВМ, Горбач ЕН, Гофман ФФ, и др. Клинические, гормонально-биохимические и молекулярно-генетические характеристики у 75 пациентов с гипофосфатемическим рахитом. Проблемы Эндокринологии. 2016;62(2):31-36. doi: 10.14341/probl201662231-36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulikova KS, Kolodkina AA, Vasiliev EV, Petrov VM, Gorbach EN, Gofman FF, et al. Clinical, hormonal, biochemical and genetic characteristics of 75 patients with hypophosphatemic rickets. Problems of Endocrinology. 2016;62(2):31-36. doi: 10.14341/probl201662231-36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coyac BR, Hoac B, Chafey P, Falgayrac G, Slimani L, Rowe PS, et al. Defective Mineralization in X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Dental Pulp Cell Cultures. J Dent Res. 2018;97(2):184-191. doi: 10.1177/0022034517728497</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coyac BR, Hoac B, Chafey P, Falgayrac G, Slimani L, Rowe PS, et al. Defective Mineralization in X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Dental Pulp Cell Cultures. J Dent Res. 2018;97(2):184-191. doi: 10.1177/0022034517728497</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuanyuan W, Jie C, Nan W, Yuming Z, Lihong G, Man QG. Mutation survey of the PHEX gene and oral manifestation in achinese family with X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets. Dentistry. 2016;(6):12. doi: 10.4172/2161-1122.1000402</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuanyuan W, Jie C, Nan W, Yuming Z, Lihong G, Man QG. Mutation survey of the PHEX gene and oral manifestation in achinese family with X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets. Dentistry. 2016;(6):12. doi: 10.4172/2161-1122.1000402</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baroncelli GI, Zampollo E, Manca M, Toschi B, Bertelloni S, Michelucci A, et al. Pulp chamber features, prevalence of abscesses, disease severity, and PHEX mutation in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. J Bone Miner Metab. 2021;39(2):212-223. doi: 10.1007/s00774-020-01136-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baroncelli GI, Zampollo E, Manca M, Toschi B, Bertelloni S, Michelucci A, et al. Pulp chamber features, prevalence of abscesses, disease severity, and PHEX mutation in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. J Bone Miner Metab. 2021;39(2):212-223. doi: 10.1007/s00774-020-01136-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta M, Chaturvedi R, Jain A. Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as an immune-diagnostic biomarker in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontal disease. Cytokine. 2013;61(3):892-897. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta M, Chaturvedi R, Jain A. Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as an immune-diagnostic biomarker in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontal disease. Cytokine. 2013;61(3):892-897. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nisha KJ, Suresh A, Anilkumar A, Padmanabhan S. MIP-1α and MCP-1 as salivary biomarkers in periodontal disease. Saudi Dent J. 2018;30(4):292-298. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.07.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nisha KJ, Suresh A, Anilkumar A, Padmanabhan S. MIP-1α and MCP-1 as salivary biomarkers in periodontal disease. Saudi Dent J. 2018;30(4):292-298. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.07.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Базарный ВВ, Мандра ЮВ, Полушина ЛГ, Максимова АЮ, Светлакова ЕН. Клиническая информативность хемокинов ротовой жидкости при хроническом пародонтите. Медицинская иммунология. 2021;23(2):345-352. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-CVO-2162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazarnyi VV, Mandra YuV, Polushina LG, Maksimova AYu, Svetlakova EN. Clinical value of oral fluid chemokines in chronic periodontitis. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2021;23(2):345-352 (In Russ.). doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-CVO-2162</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Pérez-Sayáns M, Bravo SB, López-Jornet P, García-Vence M, Alonso-Sampedro M, et al. Protein-based salivary profiles as novel biomarkers for oral diseases. Dis Markers. 2018;7;2018:6141845 doi: 10.1155/2018/6141845</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Pérez-Sayáns M, Bravo SB, López-Jornet P, García-Vence M, Alonso-Sampedro M, et al. Protein-based salivary profiles as novel biomarkers for oral diseases. Dis Markers. 2018;7;2018:6141845. doi: 10.1155/2018/6141845</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milanowski M, Pomastowski P, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Saliva – Volatile Biomarkers and Profiles. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2017;47(3):251-266. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1266925</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milanowski M, Pomastowski P, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Saliva – Volatile Biomarkers and Profiles. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2017 47(3):251-266. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1266925</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zlotnik A, Yoshie O. The chemokine superfamily revisited. Immunity. 2012;36(5):705-716. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.05.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zlotnik A, Yoshie O. The chemokine superfamily revisited. Immunity. 2012;36(5):705-716. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.05.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva TA, Garlet GP, Fukada SY, Silva JS, Cunha FQ. Chemokines in oral inflammatory diseases: apical periodontitis and periodontal disease. J Dent Res. 2007;86(4):306-319. doi: 10.1177/154405910708600403</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva TA, Garlet GP, Fukada SY, Silva JS, Cunha FQ. Chemokines in oral inflammatory diseases: apical periodontitis and periodontal disease. J Dent Res. 2007;86(4):306-319. doi: 10.1177/154405910708600403</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stadler AF, Angst PD, Arce RM, Gomes SC, Oppermann RV, Susin C. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokines/chemokines in chronic periodontitis: a metaanalysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2016;43(9):727-45. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12557</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stadler AF, Angst PD, Arce RM, Gomes SC, Oppermann RV, Susin C. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokines/chemokines in chronic periodontitis: a metaanalysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2016;43(9):727-45. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12557</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahajoe PS, Smit MJ, Kertia N, Westra J, Vissink A. Cytokines in gingivocrevicular fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients: A review of the literature. Oral Dis. 2019;25(6):1423-1434 doi: 10.1111/odi.13145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahajoe PS, Smit MJ, Kertia N, Westra J, Vissink A. Cytokines in gingivocrevicular fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients: A review of the literature. Oral Dis. 2019;25(6):1423-1434. doi: 10.1111/odi.13145</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bassim CW, Redman RS, DeNucci DJ, Becker KL, Nylen ES. Salivary procalcitonin and periodontitis in diabetes. J Dent Res. 2008;87(7):630-634. doi: 10.1177/154405910808700707</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bassim CW, Redman RS, DeNucci DJ, Becker KL, Nylen ES. Salivary procalcitonin and periodontitis in diabetes. J Dent Res. 2008;87(7):630-634. doi: 10.1177/154405910808700707</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лапин СВ, Маслянский АЛ, Лазарева НМ, Васильева ЕЮ, Тотолян АА. Значение количественного анализа прокальцитонина в диагностике септических осложнений у пациентов с аутоиммунными ревматическими заболеваниями. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2013;(1):28-33. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18791009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapin SV, Maslyanskiy AL, Lazareva NM, Vasilyeva YeYu, Totolyan AA. The value of quantitative analysis of procalcitonine in diagnostics of septic complications in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Russian clinical laboratory diagnostics. 2013;(1):28-33 (In Russ.). Available from: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18791009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel N, Belcher J, Thorpe G, Forsyth NR, Spiteri MA. Measurement of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and neutrophil elastase in saliva of COPD patients and healthy controls: correlation to self-reported wellbeing parameters. Respir Res. 2015;6(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12931-015-0219-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel N, Belcher J, Thorpe G, Forsyth NR, Spiteri MA. Measurement of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and neutrophil elastase in saliva of COPD patients and healthy controls: correlation to self-reported wellbeing parameters. Respir Res. 2015;6(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12931-015-0219-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hendek MK, Erdemir EO, Kisa U. Evaluation of salivary procalcitonin levels in different periodontal diseases. J Periodontol. 2015;86(6):820-826. doi: 10.1902/jop.2015.130751</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hendek MK, Erdemir EO, Kisa U. Evaluation of salivary procalcitonin levels in different periodontal diseases. J Periodontol. 2015;86(6):820-826. doi: 10.1902/jop.2015.130751</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гилева ОС, Мандра ЮВ, Сивак ЕЮ, Полушина ЛГ, Либик ТВ, Максимова АЮ, и др Концентрация прокальцитонина ротовой жидкости в норме и при пародонтите. Пермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание Perm medical journal). 2021;38(4):62-69. doi: 10.17816/pmj38462-69</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gileva OS, Mandra YV, Sivak EY, Polushina LG, Libik TV, Мaksimova AY, et al. Normal concentration of oral fluid procalcitonin and concentration in periodontitis. Perm Medical Journal. 2021;38(4):62-69 (In Russ.). doi: 10.17816/pmj38462-69</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu K, Olsen BR. The roles of vascular endothelial growth factor in bone repair and regeneration. Bone. 2016;91:30-38. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.06.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu K, Olsen BR. The roles of vascular endothelial growth factor in bone repair and regeneration. Bone. 2016;91:30-38. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.06.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee HY, Min KH, Lee SM, Lee JE, Rhee CK. Clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor in young male asthma patients. Korean J Intern Med. 2017;32(2):295-301. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2014.242</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee HY, Min KH, Lee SM, Lee JE, Rhee CK. Clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor in young male asthma patients. Korean J Intern Med. 2017;32(2):295-301. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2014.242</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramakrishnan S, Anand V, Roy S. Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in hypoxia and inflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2014;9(2):142-160. doi: 10.1007/s11481-014-9531-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramakrishnan S, Anand V, Roy S. Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in hypoxia and inflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2014;9(2):142-160. doi: 10.1007/s11481-014-9531-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мудров ВП, Нелюбин ВН, Воробьева ЕС, Лысюк ЕЮ, Мяндиев МС, Фоменков ИС, и др. Применение ростовых факторов в терапии пародонтита. Медицинская иммунология. 2018;20(3):439-444. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2018-3-439-444</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mudrov VP, Nelyubin VN, Vorobieva ES, Lysiuk EYu, Miandiev MS, Fomenkov IS, et al. The use of growth factors in periodontitis treatment. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2018;20(3):439-444 (In Russ.). doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2018-3-439-444</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afacan B, Öztürk VÖ, Paşalı Ç, Bozkurt E, Köse T, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol. 2019 Jul;90(7):788-797. doi: 10.1002/JPER.18-0412</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afacan B, Öztürk VÖ, Paşalı Ç, Bozkurt E, Köse T, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol. 2019 Jul;90(7):788-797. doi: 10.1002/JPER.18-0412</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pradeep AR, Prapulla DV, Sharma A, Sujatha PB. Gingival crevicular fluid and serum vascular endothelial growth factor: their relationship in periodontal health, disease and after treatment. Cytokine. 2011;54(2):200-204. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.02.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pradeep AR, Prapulla DV, Sharma A, Sujatha PB. Gingival crevicular fluid and serum vascular endothelial growth factor: their relationship in periodontal health, disease and after treatment. Cytokine. 2011;54(2):200-204. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.02.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prapulla DV, Sujatha PB, Pradeep AR. Gingival crevicular fluid VEGF levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol. 2007;78(9):1783-1787. doi: 10.1902/jop.2007.070009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prapulla DV, Sujatha PB, Pradeep AR. Gingival crevicular fluid VEGF levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol. 2007;78(9):1783-1787. doi: 10.1902/jop.2007.070009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соснин ДЮ, Гилева ОС, Сивак ЕЮ, Даурова ФЮ, ГибадуллинаНВ, Коротин СВ. Содержание васкулоэндотелиального фактора роста в слюне и сыворотке крови больных пародонтитом. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2019;64(11):663-668. doi: 10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-11-663-668</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sosnin DYu, Gileva OS, Sivak EYu, Daurova FYu, Gibadullina NV, Korotin SV. The content of vascular en dothelial grow factor in saliva and serum in patients with periodontitis. Klinicheskaya Laboratornaya Diagnostika (Russian Clini cal Laboratory Diagnostics). 2019;64(11):663-668 (In Russ.). doi: 10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-11-663-668</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drążewski D, Grzymisławska M, Korybalska K, Czepulis N, Grzymisławski M, Witowski J, et al. Oral Health Status of Patients with Lysosomal Storage Diseases in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(3):281. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14030281</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drążewski D, Grzymisławska M, Korybalska K, Czepulis N, Grzymisławski M, Witowski J, et al. Oral Health Status of Patients with Lysosomal Storage Diseases in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(3):281. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14030281</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шишкин АН, Кирилюк ДВ. Дисфункция эндотелия у пациентов с прогрессирующими заболеваниями почек. Нефрология. 2005;9(2):16-22. doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2005-9-2-16-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shishkin AN, Kirilyuk DV. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with progressive renal disease. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2005;9(2):16-22 (In Russ.). doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2005-9-2-16-22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maurer B, Distler A, Suliman YA, Gay RE, Michel BA, Gay S, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor aggravates fibrosis and vasculopathy in experimental models of systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(10):1880-1887. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203535</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maurer B, Distler A, Suliman YA, Gay RE, Michel BA, Gay S, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor aggravates fibrosis and vasculopathy in experimental models of systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(10):1880-1887. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203535</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Янушевич ОО, Духовская НЕ, Вавилова ТП, Островский ЮА, Курбанова ЗТ, Островская ЮА. Слюна как новый аналитический объект для определения уровня D-димера. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2021;66(7):407-410. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-7-407-410</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yanushevish OO, Dukhovskaya HE, Vavilova TP, Ostrovskiy YA, Kurbanova ZT, Ostrovskaya Yu.A. Saliva as new analytical object for D-dimer level determination. Klinicheskaya Laboratornaya Diagnostika (Russian Clinical Labora tory Diagnostics). 2021;66 (7):407-410 (In Russ.). doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-7-407-410</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
