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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detstom</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RPA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3031-2025-892</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detstom-892</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ повреждения ДНК в прогнозировании врожденной расщелины губы и неба у ребенка при планировании беременности у женщины в регионе с экотоксикантами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comet assay–based risk prediction of cleft lip and palate during preconception planning in women residing in areas with environmental toxicants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуйкин</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuikin</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чуйкин Олег Сергеевич, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры детской стоматологии и ортодонтии</p><p>450008, ул. Ленина, д. 3, г. Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Chuikin, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics</p><p>3 Lenina Str., Ufa, Russian Federation, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Chuykin-sv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-4897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлов Валентин Николаевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ректор, заведующий кафедрой урологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin N. Pavlov, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Rector, Head of the Department of Urology</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rectorat@bashgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-6757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Олегович Каримов, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделом токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis O. Karimov, PhD, Head of the Toxicology and Genetics Department with the Experimental Clinic of Laboratory Animals</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karimovdo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-2323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Дмитриевич Каримов, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis D. Karimov, PhD, Senior Researcher, Toxicology and Genetics Department with the Experimental Clinic of Laboratory Animals</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karimovdd@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0352-1533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучук</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuchuk</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кучук Кристина Николаевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры детской стоматологии и ортодонтии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina N. Kuchuk, DDS, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Department of the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">knkuchuk@bashgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>283</fpage><lpage>291</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чуйкин О.С., Павлов В.Н., Каримов Д.О., Каримов Д.Д., Кучук К.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чуйкин О.С., Павлов В.Н., Каримов Д.О., Каримов Д.Д., Кучук К.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chuikin O.S., Pavlov V.N., Karimov D.O., Karimov D.D., Kuchuk K.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/892">https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/892</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Метод ДНК-комет считается одним из наиболее чувствительных способов для регистрации генотоксических эффектов, возникающих в различных биологических тканях и жидкостях. В его основе лежит оценка миграции фрагментов хромосомной ДНК в электрическом поле, причем величина смещения коррелирует со степенью повреждения генетического материала.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось в ГБУЗ «Республиканская детская клиническая больница», расположенном в городе Уфе. В исследовании были сравнены пять групп: 40 детей с ВРГиН, проживающих в регионе без экотоксикантов; 60 детей с ВРГиН, проживающих в регионе с экотоксикантами; 40 матерей детей, проживающих в регионе без экотоксикантов; 60 матерей детей, проживающих в регионе с экотоксикантами; 40 условно здоровых детей для определения нормальных значений исследуемых показателей. Исследование лимфоцитов из венозной крови проводилось путем фрагментации ДНК с использованием ДНК-комет в щелочных условиях (Comet Assay). Окраску геля проводили флуоресцентным красителем SYBR Green I. Для статистического анализа полученных данных применяли язык R (версия 4.х) с пакетом stats.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В группе детей с ВРГиН, проживающих в регионе с экотоксикантами, средние значения длины хвоста составили 11,473 мкм (95% CI 11,411 – 11,535), процента ДНК в хвосте кометы определено 7,816 ед. (95% CI 7,768 – 7,865), момента хвоста было на уровне 0,897 ед. (95% CI 0,886 – 0,907). В группе матерей детей, проживающих в регионе с экотоксикантами, средние значения длины хвоста определены на уровне 11,403 мкм (95% 11,336 – 11,470), процента ДНК в хвосте кометы составило 6,662 ед. (95% CI 6,628 – 6,697), момента хвоста определялось как 0,760 ед. (95% CI 0,754 – 0,766).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Прогнозирование врожденной расщелины губы и неба у ребенка при планировании беременности у женщин в регионе с экотоксикантами с применением метода ДНК комет высокоэффективно и при средних значениях длины хвоста 11,0 мкм и более, процента ДНК в хвосте кометы 6,5 ед. и более , момента хвоста 0,73 ед. и более, можно прогнозировать высокий риск рождения ребёнка с врожденной расщелиной губы и неба.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The alkaline comet assay is among the most sensitive methods for detecting genotoxic effects in diverse tissues and body fluids. It quantifies the migration of fragmented chromosomal DNA in an electric field; the extent of migration correlates with the degree of DNA damage.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital (Ufa, Russian Federation). Five groups were compared: (1) 40 children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) living in an area without environmental toxicants; (2) 60 children with CLP living in an area with environmental toxicants; (3) 40 mothers residing in an area without environmental toxicants; (4) 60 mothers residing in an area with environmental toxicants; and (5) 40 apparently healthy children to establish reference values. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated using the alkaline comet assay. Gels were stained with SYBR Green I. Statistical analyses were performed in R (version 4.x) using the stats package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Among children with CLP residing in areas with environmental toxicants, the mean tail length measured 11.473 µm (95% CI, 11.411–11.535), % tail DNA averaged 7.816 (95% CI, 7.768–7.865), and the tail moment amounted to 0.897 (95% CI, 0.886–0.907). In mothers from the same areas, the mean tail length reached 11.403 µm (95% CI, 11.336–11.470), % tail DNA averaged 6.662 (95% CI, 6.628–6.697), and the tail moment was estimated at 0.760 (95% CI, 0.754–0.766).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Use of the alkaline comet assay during preconception planning in women residing in regions with environmental toxicant contamination provides significant clinical utility for risk prediction of CLP in offspring. Thresholds of tail length ≥ 11.0 µm, % tail DNA ≥ 6.5, and tail moment ≥ 0.73 are associated with a markedly increased predicted risk of cleft lip and palate in the offspring.  </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденная расщелина губы и неба</kwd><kwd>регион с экотоксикантами</kwd><kwd>метод ДНК-комет</kwd><kwd>повреждение ДНК</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>планирование беременности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cleft lip and palate</kwd><kwd>environmental toxicants</kwd><kwd>alkaline comet assay</kwd><kwd>DNA damage</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>risk prediction</kwd><kwd>preconception planning</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare that there was no external funding for the study.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perin J, Mai CT, De Costa A, Strong K, Diaz T, Blencowe H, et al. 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