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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detstom</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RPA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3031-2021-21-3-191-198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detstom-400</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структура и распространенность поверхностных кариозных и некариозных поражений эмали постоянных и временных зубов у детей, обратившихся за плановой стоматологической помощью, в различных районах г. Санкт-Петербурга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The structure and prevalence of superficial carious and non-carious lesions of permanent and deciduous enamel in children who presented for routine dental care in various districts of St. Petersburg</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0102-6723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>Н. E.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамова Наталия Евгеньевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры стоматологии общей практики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Ye. Abramova, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of General Dentistry</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Nataliya.Abramova@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-5615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Силин Алексей Викторович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой стоматологии общей практики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Silin, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of General Dentistry</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.silin@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>191</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абрамова Н.E., Силин А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абрамова Н.E., Силин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abramova N.E., Silin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/400">https://www.detstom.ru/jour/article/view/400</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Для повышения эффективности профилактики и лечебной тактики необходимо, прежде всего, учитывать активность течения кариеса, особенно на ранних стадиях поражения эмали, в виде белого пятна, установить правильный диагноз, который основан на клиническом обследовании, в котором оцениваются местоположение, изменение твердости поверхности, симметрия, контурная форма, глубина, цвет и непрозрачность поражения. Различия в этиологии возникновения поверхностных изменений цвета эмали в виде белого пятна имеют значение при реставрационном лечении, так как качество подготовки эмали влияет на краевое прилегание реставраций и долговечность предпринятой реставрации. Однако неудовлетворительная гигиена полости рта, нарушения в пищевом поведении влияют на течение заболеваний твердых тканей некариозной природы, осложняясь кариесом. Цель исследования – оптимизация диагностики начальных поражений эмали зубов для повышения качества кариеспрофилактических мероприятий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы 460 детей, проживающих в Центральном и Красносельском районах Санкт-Петербурга. Проводилась клиническая оценка состояния твердых тканей с помощью индексов: OHI-S, Greene and Vermillion; OHI по O’Leary T., Drake R., Naylor; WSL-index, Индекс белого пятна Gorelick L., Geiger A. M., Gwinnett A. J., КПУ и кп зубов; активность течения кариеса.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Общая распространенность поверхностных (начальных) форм поражений твердых тканей суммарно, по критериям I и II категорий, составила: 37,82%, 174 человека из 460 осмотренных имели поверхностные поражения эмали. Изменения эмали обнаружены в возрастных группах: у 5-6 лет (130) – 36 человек (27,69%); 12 лет (175) – 62 человека (35,42%); 15 лет (155) – 76 человек (49,03%).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. При плановых осмотрах, для своевременности лечебных и профилактических мероприятий при выявлении начальных повреждений эмали нет необходимости в прецизионной дифференциальной диагностике природы пятна, необходимо сосредоточиться на признаках активации течения кариеса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. To increase the effectiveness of prevention and treatment protocols, it is above all necessary to consider the activity of caries, especially at the early enamel lesion stage, in the form of a white spot, to make the correct diagnosis based on a clinical examination, which assesses the location, change in surface hardness, symmetry, contour shape, depth, color and opacity of the lesion. Different causes of superficial enamel discoloration, in the form of white spots, are paramount for the restorative treatment as the quality of the enamel preparation affects the marginal fit and the durability of the restoration. However, poor oral hygiene, disturbance in eating behavior affect the course of non-carious hard-tissue diseases, which caries may complicate. Purpose – to optimize the diagnosis of initial dental enamel lesions to improve the caries prevention quality.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study examined 460 children living in the Central and Krasnoselsky districts of St. Petersburg. The following indices assessed hard tissue condition: OHI-S, Greene and Vermillion; OHI by O'Leary T., Drake R., Naylor; White spot lesions index, Gorelick L, Geiger A. M, Gwinnett A. J., DMFT and df; caries activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The total prevalence of superficial (initial) lesions of hard tissues was 37.82%, i.e. 174 people out of 460 examined patients had superficial enamel lesions according to the criteria of I and II categories. The study found enamel changes in the age groups: 5-6 years (130) – 36 people (27.69%); 12 years old (175) – 62 people (35.42%); 15 years old (155) – 76 people (49.03%).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Focusing on the caries activity signs rather than a precise differential diagnosis of the lesion nature is necessary to provide well-timed treatment and prevention upon detecting initial enamel lesion at a dental check-up.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>белые кариозные пятна</kwd><kwd>некариозные поражения</kwd><kwd>индекс индекс OHI</kwd><kwd>активность течения кариеса</kwd><kwd>КПУ и кп зубов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>white spot lesions</kwd><kwd>non-carious lesions</kwd><kwd>OHI</kwd><kwd>caries activity</kwd><kwd>DMFT and df</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральный закон от 21.11.2011 №323-ФЗ (ред. от 02.07.2021) «Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации» (с изм. и доп., вступ. в силу с 01.10.2021). Статья 37. 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